Flowers

Beauty of a Flower â€Å"We can complain because rose bushes have thorns, or rejoice because thorn bushes have roses. – Abraham Lincoln† Most important living organism other than human beings are animals and plants. Flowers and weeds have a huge role in life that they tend to play. Flowers and weeds are completely different in which they grow to reproduce or grow to destroy. Knowingly that weeds also reproduce. Flowers are known to be a brightly colored and conspicuous example of such a part of a plant together with its stalk essay writer service, typically used with others as a decoration or gift.While weeds are not capable of giving to one another as a gift or using them as decorations. Weeds are normally known to be wild plants growing where they are not wanted and are in competition with cultivated plants. Weeds are usually able to grow in disturbed environments in which their soil has already been damaged. Reproduction and growth of a new plant comes when the plant blossoms into the beauty of a flower. Weeds also have reproduction and growth, but are reproduced aggressively. Exploring the different factors of flowers and weeds is to know the attraction to a human, development, and its symbolic factor.Flowers are important than weeds because of how they are attracted to a living eye, the way that they grow, and symbols and significances of flowers. A flowers beauty attracts the eyes, while the scents travel towards human nasal. Being the complete opposite of weeds flowers have a unique scent and to each individual Not only are humans attracted to the beauty of flowers, bees tend to be attracted because of the scent and its pollen that is produced. Flowers attract the bees because of the nectar guides that at times only bees and other insects can notice.But, not all flowers have an appealing scent of pollination that humans desire. Flowers usually pollinate during the night usually by bats and moths because they like the scent and usually white flowers. Bats and moths, but not all humans like the scent of these flowers neither, because they can either carry a pleasant or even resentful scent. Humans are attracted to flowers because of its color and unique form of petals and scents. Usually, flowers are given on special occasions or can be given as a sign of love for one person.Weeds usually do not attract the humans eye because they appear to damage the beauty of the flower. Weeds that grown out of control and are usually unwanted because of the fact they can spread pathogens to infect growth of plants. As flowers are being grown so are weeds in the same way, because once the seed is planted and begins to grow weeds follow the roots of the flower until they are treated. Neglecting the flowers will grow weeds to attack the flower. A weed is a random sort of handle that we put to certain plants that we do not like for any reason.Most weeds do not have a sense to them because it is a pesticide that just grows on top of plant s to destroy the beauty of the flowers blooming. Out of the two plants flowers have the beauty that humans are looking for. Flowers start off from buds to grow into a beautiful flower. Comparing flowers and weeds as they develop have another noticeable difference. To produce a flower, usually seeds are planted within the soil while watered after to blossom. As time goes by and watering of the seeds under the soil, the flowers begin to grow.The first sign of the flower you will see the leaves of the flowers growing as days pass by. Once the majority of the leaves and stems grow the flowers bud begins to blossom into the beauty of the flower it is. Not all flowers bloom within one day, because it takes time for the flower to develop into its beauty. Weeds grow for one reason only, because of the nutrients that are needed for plants. Weeds do not normally grow in large mass they just grow in where the nutrients of their needs are. Weeds usually tend to steal crops moisture, sunlight, a nd nutrients.But, farmers claim that they only borrow the three aspects that are needed and return for future crop usage. Weeds are not given the preservation that has been given to the domestic crops from insects, disease, and other adverse growing conditions, causing weeds, or wild plants, to conserve strength. Weeds hardly become damaged by insects or even any type of diseases. Mostly all flowers have different symbols and significances. Red roses are given in sign of love, beauty, and passion. Poppies are given for commiserations of a death and irises are a symbol of giving a life back during a burial.Daises have been the significance of innocence. Most weeds do not have symbols except for the fact that they are only growing to kill existing beautiful plants. Weeds can symbolize the damage that they have against flowers and its beauty. Weeds also tend to grow in river banks, deltas, and other areas that have soil shifting. There is no significance of weeds because they are usual ly grown with no intentions of being given as a gift or a sign of love to a significant other. Weeds do not have the look of love that is wanted by your loved one.It does not catch the human eye either, because it usually is a messy plant that has no scent to itself either. No matter of who the person is, it all matters if the flower has the right look. There are many different types of flowers and it all depends on that one person to choose which the one that they prefer. Flowers are usually the ones that are often looked at because of its outer beauty. Most of the flowers have a beauty sight on the outside. Looking at weeds, which are hardly looked at unless they are destroying the beauty of a flower and needs removal.Nobody will ever pick weeds over flowers because flowers have a finer quality than weeds. It is better to choose flowers over weeds because of their scent, outer beauty, and symbolic reasoning of that flower. Flowers and weeds differ because flowers give a warm lovin g feeling inside when a woman has received them. Weeds give women a shattered feeling within as she watches her flowers become destroyed. â€Å"What is a weed? I have heard it said that there are sixty definitions. For me, a weed is a plant out of place. †~Donald Culross Peattie

History of Economic Thought Essay

(1) In the article of Allen et al. â€Å"The Foundations of Free Enterprise,† the three types of economic system were discussed. In a traditional economic system, the allocation of resources is based on social customs, culture, and to some extent, religious traditions. The distribution of the fruits of production is dictated by traditional criteria such as age, sex, and other individual qualities that are not essentially related to personal productivity. Primitive, agrarian, and less-developed societies mostly fall on this category. Many traditional economies progressed into a market economic system, wherein the allocation of resources is controlled by private individuals and businesses. The individuals make independent decisions that reflect their best interest, affecting the market demand, product supply, the price of products, and the kinds of goods and services produced. Business competition could be tight, causing some businesses to close down and unemployment to rise. Meanwhile, the government has only minimal control over the individual and business decisions, interfering only when needed. This often results in unequal distribution of resources, which causes poverty to emerge. Conversely, in a command or authoritative economic system, the allocation of resources is directed by the government. The government operates all the industries, determines what goods and services to be produced, how they will be to produced, how they will be divided among the people, and decides how to utilize the talents and skills of its workers. Hence, equal distribution of resources is enforced at the expense of individual freedom. 2) The Quantity Theory of Money (QTM) was developed during the 16th century in an attempt to explain why gold and silver inflow into the U. S. and Europe caused the price levels to increase. Schenk, in his article on money, reports that after minting the large amounts of gold and silver from the Aztec and Incan empires which were brought back to Spain by the conquistadors, the amount of money in circulation went up. The price levels, at the same time, gradually started their slow, century-long rise. Economists such as Henry Thornton were led to assume that â€Å"more money equals more inflation and an increase in money supply does not necessarily mean an increase in economic output† (cited in the article of Heakal on What is the Quantity Theory of Money). Thus, a direct relationship was established between the quantity of money in an economy and the price levels of goods and services. For instance, when the amount of money in circulation doubles, price levels also double, which causes inflation, i. e. the rate at which the price level escalates. This means that the consumer pays twice as much for the same amount of the good or service. (3) Christianity taught faith in reason as the greatest gift of God to man. This stimulated the pursuit of science and democratic practice which gave rise to capitalism. Christian theologians also theorized about the nature of equality and individual rights, which is a feature of capitalism. Christianity also fostered actual progress in ter ms of technical and organizational innovations. During the medieval times, the church was the largest landowner in Europe, and much of the profit went to the religious orders to pay for liturgical services. The rapid innovation in agricultural technology yielded large profits, causing the church to reinvest profits to increase production and diversified. It also led the church to hire more labor force. Hence, based on this information, it is safe to conclude that the church has largely contributed to the rise of capitalism during the medieval period (Stark, B11).

African American In The 1920s Essay Example for Free (#1920)

African American In The 1920s Essay ? The 1920s were a time of struggle, pride, fear, and creativity for African Americans. Following WWI, blacks fought for the conditions and rights that they were given while fighting in Europe. They fought through countless riots and murders to push for equality. They migrated across the country to escape the horrid conditions of the South. They created an entirely new cultural movement that spread like wild fire. African Americans of the 1920s created a momentous movement of political and cultural dominance that would eventually lead to their freedom. The Post World War I era was a difficult, yet prideful time for African Americans. While African Americans were fighting abroad, they were treated as equals to whites in Europe. Due to American generals refusing to command blacks, African Americans fought side by side with black and white French soldiers under French command. In addition, there were a few all black regiments, the most well known being the 369th Colored Infantry (p. 8). Upon returning home in November of 1918, African Americans faced â€Å"contradictory feelings of hope and frustration† (p. 7). They expected to be praised and rewarded for their sacrifices made during the war; however, they were met with nearly the opposite. This new mood among the African Americans became Flowers 1 known as the â€Å"New Negro. † Coined by black journalists, this term described the new attitude of post-war blacks and their will to fight against the white oppression. Unfortunately, the American public treated them the same as before the war. African American soldiers were in shock from the striking contrast of black social conditions between America and Europe. While the whites were praised for their sacrifices, the blacks were not. In one case, however, on February 7, 1919, a few thousand black soldiers marched through Manhattan, and were praised by both blacks and whites alike; however, most white Americans didn’t feel the same as those in New York. With blacks having a strong hope for equality, and whites having a strong fear of this equality, America was set up for some of the best and worst events of the 1920s. The â€Å"Red Summer†, coined by James Weldon Johnson, was a summer of hate crimes, violence, and even murder. On several occasions, both blacks and whites ended up injuring and killing one another. African Americans began to assert their new hope of equality. The first instance of this new attitude occurred in Charleston, South Carolina, when sailors killed a black civilian. A large fight broke out and several people, both blacks and whites, were killed. Riots began to appear throughout America. The worst riot broke out in Chicago and lasted five days. It all began when an African American swimmer drifted into waters between segregated beaches. A white man threw a rock at him and the black man ended up drowning. White police officers did nothing to arrest the white man. As the news spread, gang related violence quickly began to spread throughout neighborhoods. As tensions grew stronger, the violent crimes Flowers 2 became worse. Eventually, a mass riot broke out. Policemen fired upon several black men, and several thousand men became involved. In the end, 23 blacks and 15 whites were killed, and many more were injured. Unfortunately, the majority of the media downplayed these riots to try and keep everyone else under control, but The Crisis, the primary newspaper for the NAACP, published nearly every event, both good and bad. Over the summer, many other instances of violence occurred, leading to the Great Migration (p. 7-15) The lives of African Americans significantly changed during the 1920s. A large contributor to these changes was the mass migration of African Americans to the North and West known as the Great Migration. African Americans despised the Jim Crow laws, and tried everything in their power to either change or escape them. Many blacks living in the South gained much economic success after migrating to the North. Not only did the blacks want to migrate to the North for economic and civil gains, but they also wanted to escape the worsening conditions in the South caused by the Boll Weevil plague that ruined the cotton industry (p. 23-24). Upon arriving in the North, blacks began to build up their community. They built their own churches, which were significantly different from white churches. Their churches became a part of their lives, and became their community. The YMCA and the YWCA also began during this time period, promoting community as well. Western black immigrants came primarily from places like Jamaica, and were fairly new to the oppression of the whites in America. Because of this, they were not as afraid to start up new things. Flowers 3 On the political side of events, the NAACP was on the rise. By 1919, the NAACP had become the leading organization for black civil rights. Led by W. E. B. Du Bois, the NAACP constantly challenged â€Å"segregation and political equality. † (p. 57) A major success of this organization was the push for the Dyer Antilynching Bill. Even though the bill was never successfully passed, it brought lynching to the attention of the public, and eventually reduced the number of lynchings significantly (p. 60-63). While African Americans fought to make conditions better for themselves, some conditions remained poor. Some blacks began purchasing homes in â€Å"white† neighborhoods, but were faced with violence, especially from the rising Ku Klux Klan; therefore, ending the housing segregation quickly gained importance (p. 66-68). The white schools were far superior, due to the much higher wages and funding provided. In Southern states, studies showed that white teachers were paid nearly four times as much as black teachers, and the black school sizes and facilities were vastly inferior (p. 68). A third problem was the constant fight against the judicial system. On several occasions, blacks were wrongly accused of crimes, even when there was little to no evidence to prove anything at all. For example, two black men in Kentucky ended up in court for raping a white woman on â€Å"the flimsiest of evidence. † Even though no one identified the men, the all white jury spent just fifteen minutes to find them guilty, and the men were sentenced to death (p. 68). Aside from the political issues, African Americans in the North began a mass movement of cultural expansion, including literature, music, and art. This Flowers 4 movement became known as the Harlem Renaissance. The precursor to this movement was the Marcus Garvey movement. Garvey pushed for blacks to â€Å"reject the white society and build a separate life. † (p. 77) He believed that blacks should never conform to white society. He also led the somewhat unsuccessful â€Å"Back to Africa† movement, which was an attempt to have all blacks leave the country and live in Liberia instead. Following the Marcus Garvey movement was the well-known Harlem Renaissance. Even though renaissance is in the name, this movement was more of a birth than a rebirth. It all began during the Great Migration. As thousands of African Americans migrated to the North, many ended up settling in Harlem. This three square mile area became the largest concentration of black people in the world. Following the war, many writers celebrated this new life in the North, and praised the better conditions of the North in their writing. Many hoped that this mass outpouring of literature would â€Å"break down the walls of prejudice. † (p. 80) The most popular of these writers was the African American poet, Langston Hughes. Today, much of his work is considered classic literature. In addition to the mass influx of African American literature, jazz music was on the rise (p. 83-86) Jazz became a symbol of African Americans and the Harlem Renaissance. This product of music pulled concepts from â€Å"African rhythms, blues chord progressions, church spirituals, European melodies, and American marching band instrumentation. † (p. 86) Probably the most well known musician from this era was the trumpeter, Louis Armstrong. Even though jazz originated in New Orleans, it quickly spread to the East coast and eventually to Harlem. The Flowers 5 literature produced in Harlem was by far more successful than jazz, but there was certainly no shortage of jazz in Harlem. Both the jazz and literary greats became idols to many African Americans. They created a wave of inspiration in the black community that quickly spread throughout certain areas of America. The African American community fought through violence, held their pride, and created an entire cultural movement. Through the idea of the â€Å"New Negro† to the eventual Harlem Renaissance, African Americans became stronger and bolder in fighting against whites. Through the NAACP, African Americans gained a stronger stance in politics than ever before. Through riots, beatings, and even deaths, African Americans fought to be treated equally to whites, and paved the way for their eventual freedom and equality. African American In The 1920s. (2016, Dec 21).

SUSTAINABILITY AND BUSINESS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

SUSTAINABILITY AND BUSINESS - Research Paper Example This results in degradation of land, accumulation of waste, and depletion of water, oil, fuel, forests, fishing, minerals, and other natural resources. Hence conservation of natural resources is vital. Uncontrolled production of waste has to be reduced, and recycling of used products undertaken. Corporate social responsibility that advocates sustainable business practices is increasingly required. In the information-based environment business and government practices are becoming more transparent. The Triple Bottom Line of economical, social and environmental regeneration underscores corporate operations. Together with creating a more sustainable world, ethical behavior and sustainable business operations provide organizations with a competitive advantage, resulting in increased customer loyalty, greater productivity and profitability. Introduction Sustainability is defined as â€Å"meeting the economic, social, and environmental needs of the present without compromising the similar needs of the future generations†1. It is an ongoing process and includes the regeneration and equitable distribution of resources, awareness of the mutual inter-relationships between the economy, the society and the environment, prevention and control of environmental degradation, waste reduction, and the sparing use of non-renewable and renewable resources. Sustainable businesses replace nationally and internationally produced goods with products created locally and regionally; are responsible for the effects they have on the natural world; grow and develop without the need for exotic sources of capital; and use production processes that take into account the dignity and human rights of individuals and communities. Additionally, sustainable business practices result in durable and harmless products which have long-term use; and they convert consumers to customers by educating them on product purchasing2. Thesis Statement: The pupose of this report is to investigate the impor tance of sustainable business practices and to highlight the sustainable strategies used by contemporary global organizations to tackle the issue. Recommendations will be presented on how global businesses can improve their advocacy of sustainability. CSR Aids Economic, Social, Environmental & Business Sustainability Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is business’ contribution to sustainable development. Organizations in a global environment often play an important role beyond the creation of employment and wealth, to include responsibility for societal and ecological issues3. Sustainability of the environment and the natural resources of the earth is one of the most vital concerns underscoring corporate social responsibility. Another important force that drives corporate social responsibility is the practice of business ethics with transparency of information, and corporate accountability for actions taken4. To promote ethical business processes, new regional and bilatera l trade treaties are focusing on human rights issues such as labor rights and fair trade5. Other major trends that drive corporate social responsibility include the greater access to information by consumers on ethical and sustainability issues. Additionally, the rise of globalization creates powerful capitalist development which calls for the harmonizing of corporate interests with the larger public interests. Moreover, the failure of the public sector necessitates the private sector to resolve sustainability issues6. Corporate social initiatives are major activities undertaken to support causes and to fulfill commitments to corporate social responsibility. Six important social initiatives are: cause promotions, cause-related marketing, corporate social marketing, corpor

In what ways do colonialist ideas continue to influence contemporary Essay - 1

In what ways do colonialist ideas continue to influence contemporary culture Describe with reference to fashion, literature, fi - Essay Example In the modern world, both colonialism and imperialism are practiced indirectly in various nations across the world. Nations with political and economic superiority across the world, such as the US and other European nations, exercise direct and indirect global control. The dominant powerful nations are using grounds, such as art, film, literature, and fashion to ensure a constant global expansion of their dominance. Often, imperialism is justified as a means of bringing people the blessings of a superior and modern way of life or of liberating them from tyrannical rule. The act results from a variety of causes including economic pressures, greed, human aggressiveness, search for security, prestige, search for power, humanitarianism, national emotions and many other factors. These motivating factors make it difficult to eradicate imperialism. However, they are also very beneficial especially for nations susceptible to victimization because they make it easy for them to suspect policie s that might turn out to be imperialistic (Sartre, 2001). For example, some states in the Third World have accused former colonial masters and other powerful nations of neocolonialism. The post-colonial theory clearly explains the modern spread of colonial ideas in various forms. Post-colonial theory involves the study of interactions between colonialist nations and the societies that they colonized (Gandhi, 1988). The theory examines the effects of the domination and colonization of non-European people, land, and cultures. The key concepts in this theory include history of colonialism and representation, and identity of modern cultures and other practices (Gandhi, 1988). Majority of studies have shown that Western traditions and cultural practices especially regarding thought, music, fashion, and literature dominate the global culture. Non-Western traditions, cultural practices, and other forms of expression are widely excluded and marginalized in modern practices. This field of po st-colonial studies was greatly influenced by a Palestinian literary critic named Said. Through his popular piece of work known as Orientalism, Said sought to depict how Middle Eastern and African Arab people and their cultures were represented as the exact opposite of occidental and Western cultures (Said, 2003). Orientalism is a reflection of the Western style in restructuring, dominating, and acquiring total control over the East (Celik, 1996). In his literary piece, Said argued that the modern orient representations impose colonial dominations by implying that oriental cultural practices are inferior in relation to Western cultures. The Western culture is brought out as a culture with a rich history, with morally superior and virtuous practices. On the other hand, the oriental culture or third world practices have its history imposed on it by powerful facets with possessive and submissive practices. In addition, the oriental culture is brought out as strange, lazy, and weak and one that promotes immoral and unequal practices (Said, 2003). According to Said’s argument, the Western superior nations are making every effort possible to make the colonized people admit that their culture is inferior, unrealistic and imperfect in character (Said, 2003). The colonizers promote their history, language,

Sustainable Development in Iran Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainable Development in Iran - Essay Example Renewable energy (RE) and related technologies are popularly viewed as solutions to the growing issues of pollution, global warming and climate change. The development of new technologies in this domain is thus viewed across the world as a way to diversify the range of energy sources available and secure the growing needs in the coming decades. RE is also a key driver for sustainable development and to reduce our dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels (Magoha, 2009). Despite the importance of developing RE technologies and encouraging their use through sustainable strategies, various technological and economic constraints have impeded its development in the Islamic republic of Iran. Given that the country is home to over a tenth of the world’s crude oil reserves and a fifth of the global natural gas reserves, the Iranian government has been quite negligent towards promoting alternate sources of energy (Kelly, 2009). Apart from government assistance in RE, the nation has been affected by decades of international economic sanctions, which has restricted access to some of the most efficient technologies in the RE domain. Thus, the technological infrastructure used for exploiting the fossil fuels within the nation remains inefficient and there is a need to devise ways to address these issues through favorable energy policies, technological research and efficient management. Other issues such as stagnation of social development and poverty are also preventing the government from giving any long-term thought to RE (Kelly, 2009). Iran is one of the largest emitters of carbon dioxide which has nearly doubled since 1990 to over 400 MMT in 2009. Kelly (2009) identifies numerous factors including low efficiency and utilization rates of energy among various industrial sectors, rising wealth and an increase in the consumption of fossil fuels as primary contributors to this alarming trend, which is also aided by the relatively cheap energy prices. Magoba (2009) further adds to these concerns by stating that the major polluters in this context are the country’s biggest cities. Migration of the rural population to bigger cities in search of employment and livelihood has led to rapid urbanization resulting in a surge in the number of vehicles, consumption of fuels, inefficient public transportation networks and the use of old vehicles that are incapable of burning the fuel efficiently. Studies by Chaturvedi (2008) have established that Iran is currently underdeveloped in harnessing energy from wind turbines. In fact, the country has a huge potential of up to 15000 Megawatts of electricity generation by tapping vast amounts of energy from wind. Given the fact large parts of Iran are categorized as windy regions, harnessing energy from this medium is not only an elaborate possibility, but can also prove financially profitable in the long run. The region also enjoys a long period of sunshine on an annual basis. The average annual exposure to sunshine in Iran has been estimated at about 3000 hours per year (Chaturvedi, 2008). However, most solar energy projects are currently in a research phase and are yet to be commercialized. Thus, there is a need for the government to hasten the process of development and research in these areas. Iran primarily lacks any sound policy frameworks that can aid in the sustainable development of renewable energy technologies. Policies are required not just to support any research initiatives in this area, but are also necessary to facilitate a successful and wid espread adoption of RE sources across the country. Any few directives that have been framed in this context have not been helpful in guiding stakeholders towards implementing RE in specific areas. Thus, Iran currently lacks a consistent approach in implementing any longstanding RE framework. Currently, a mere 9% of Iran’s energy needs are met by RE sources primarily due to lack of policies and supporting infrastructure (Magoha, 2009). Companies that operate in the RE sector in Iran are facing

How To Help A Friend By Selwyn Hughes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How To Help A Friend By Selwyn Hughes - Essay Example In â€Å"How To Help A Friend† Selwyn focuses on how to go about the counseling ministry. Whereas the author also adopts the psychological principles in counseling, it is important to note that the foundation of counseling in â€Å"How To Help A Friend,† is purely a Christian approach. The model that Hughes proposes is anchored on the teachings of the Bible on values and how to live a righteous life before the Lord God. It is a firm foundation of Christian living and Christian view of the contemporary world. Hughes offers a rich and varies way of helping friends, family and the church through a difficult situation through Christian approach to counseling. One may observe that by basing his model on Biblical principles and insights, Hughes simplifies the process of counseling. He focuses on the importance of communication during the counseling process as a vital technique. Hughes also offers guidance particularly for young people in the church who face identity crisis su ch as the question of â€Å"who am I?† For Hughes, human behavior may be seen as a result of chance. On the effectiveness of the suggested counseling techniques in the context of a local church and the suggested skills application in the Christian counseling process, Hughes model would apply as follows. In consideration of the uniqueness of Christian counseling, the context of a local church is better approached from the segment. There is the youth ministry, the church as a whole and the church leadership. Hughes model would apply in totality for all the segments.  ... In specific context, using Hughes perspectives, a Christian counselor should facilitate an effective counseling through attending, loving, listening, polite digging for information, responding and terminating the sessions. To begin with, once Christian counselor has identified a situation and intervened, the counselor is advised to give the counselee an undivided attention. This is achieved in the form of giving the counselee a good eye contact. Their posture and body language should communicate that the counselor is at ease with the counselee. This is the foundation of the counseling and it sets grounds for the rest of the sessions (Collins, 2007, p. 89). A Christian counselor must also approach the counseling with unconditional love irrespective of the situation. Hughes approach to counseling with love is based on Jesus teaching on the need not to judge others (John 8:1-11) and expression of genuine love for others (as demonstrated in Luke 7: 36-50). This way, a Christian counselor should approach all the counselees with the love of God that Jesus emphasized in his teachings. Hughes technique of approaching counseling with love may also be seen to be drawn to be anchored on Jesus teaching that we love one another just as he has loved us. He said, â€Å"This is my commandment that you love one another (John 15:12-17).† The effectiveness of this approach is that it allows a Christian counselor to identify the feelings that a member of the local church may be experiencing. The subject could be experiencing anger, setbacks or frustrations. When the counselor reflects back such feelings to the subject, this is likely to create a feeling of being understood and cared for within their unique situations with love. It helps one to open up. When dealing for

Van gogh starry night Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Van gogh starry night - Essay Example Van Gogh was actually on his sick bed in Saint-Remy, France when he did this work and this has led some people to argue that the Starry Night was based on Van Gogh’s observation of the sky over Saint-Remy (Whitney, 1986). If this was the case, Saint-Remy must have been a very beautiful sight to behold during the period that Van Gogh made this intelligent observation as the case may be. But this argument cannot be said to be plausible as the objects in the painting that is involved in the Starry Night suggests a deep sense of creativity. It could be seen from Van Gogh’s Starry Night, that he had a very good knowledge in astronomy as he used his depth of knowledge in the field to give a picturesque view of the night sky. The painting portrays the immensity of the universe through the level of order between the petite town and the vast night sky. The fact that Van Gogh died a year after this great painting indicates that there were many things on the mind of this artist du ring the period that he did the work (Soth, 1986). The complexity in the panting also indicates the complex lifestyle of Van Gogh.

SIOP Lesson Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SIOP Lesson Plan - Research Paper Example Learners in all the grades benefit both in the content area and the bilingual aspects. This paper will prepare a SIOP lesson plan for grade five students under the food and nutrition topic whereby, working in collaborative groups, they will be required to identify the nutritional values of food served in the school cafeteria. This paper will describe a learning project whose length is five class periods covering multiple content and sheltered instructional approaches that address learners with special needs and the ELLs. The standards used are contained in the New York State ELA, and the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). New York State ELA Standards Standard 1: The students will read and write, then listen and speak for the purpose of understanding and information. Standard 3: The students will read and write, then listen and speak for the purpose of evaluation and critical analysis. This lesson plan will address the above requirements by ensuring students r ead, listen, write and speak effectively so as to comprehend content, present information, communicate with fellow students and evaluate their own progress. TESOL Standards Standard 1: Within the school environment, ELLs will communicate in English for both instructional and social purposes Standard 2: ELLs will communicate ideas, concepts and information that facilitate their academic success in the art of language. The lesson plan will require the ELLs to use English in their communication of ideas, concept and information throughout the project (Tharpe & Gallimore, 1988). Content Objectives Students will be able to know nutritional values of food offered for lunch on the school menu by engaging in learning groups and investigative methods to research on the content. They will then present their findings in PowerPoint form in groups. Language Objectives Students will be able to communicate information verbally. They will re-tell the contents of the curriculum and use appropriate v ocabulary to describe what they have learnt. Although content and language objectives are presented as distinct objectives, they are with the standards as well as each other. Vocabulary The key vocabulary words are vitamin, sodium, fiber, mono-unsaturated fat, poly-unsaturated fat, protein, carbohydrate and calorie. Materials KWL chart, graphic organizer created by the teacher, computer projection screen, PowerPoint, classroom laptops, internet resources, and recipe cards. Strategies The strategies are driven by language and content standards, and the implementation is done with consideration to the theories of language acquisition that appeal to an assorted scope of learners. The learners are presented with an opportunity to utilize technology resources and graphic organizers, re-state information, work in mutual learning groups and discover information through research. Because the plan is designed for both learners with special needs and ELLs, strategies like jigsaw are used for their proven instructing effectiveness. A meaningful, thematic mode of instruction facilitates acquisition of second language, gives room for collaboration, provides scaffolding, and allows opportunities for use of oral and written English while building background. Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy, the strategies are also designed to develop the learners’ mental skills, grow their emotional or feelings aspects and enhance their

Two One page orders for a discussion post - not a paper just to be Essay - 2

Two One page orders for a discussion post - not a paper just to be done as a discussion board post - Essay Example The instincts of a child should be well noticed and taken to the past in order to evaluate them and this process is very important because the instincts of a child decide more things than one. The focus of the parents must be on the psychological as well as the social side because both these sides demand attention and neither one can be neglected. â€Å"In sum, I believe that the individual who is to be educated is a social individual and that society is an organic union of individuals. If we eliminate the social factor from the child we are left only with an abstraction; if we eliminate the individual factor from society, we are left only with an inert and lifeless mass. Education, therefore, must begin with a psychological insight into the childs capacities, interests, and habits. It must be controlled at every point by reference to these same considerations.† (John Dewey) The author is convinced that school is merely an institution and the author also feels that education is nothing but living and living in the future not in the past. â€Å"I believe that as such simplified social life, the school life should grow gradually out of the home life; that it should take up and continue the activities with which the child is already familiar in the home.† (John Dewey) The author feels that education feels these days because most schools fail to realize that school constitutes to community life, should all the schools realize this we will not have dropouts. The author also talks about discipline in school life and how it should be continued all through the life. To conclude it is very fair to say that the author provides perfect guidelines to succeed in life, having talked about childhood and how one must be only goes to show that good habits like being disciplined should be inculcated right from a very young age and the same also facilitates a person to succeed in the long

What Is Andragogy and Its Effects on Today’s Design of Learning for Adults Essay Example for Free

What Is Andragogy and Its Effects on Today’s Design of Learning for Adults Essay Education of adults has always been an issue, but there has been very little interest or analysis of adult learning. Adults were thought to be children alike, when it comes to learning; therefore, the only theory was pedagogy in the educational setting. According to Knowles (1980), after the end of World War I, more modern education theories on adults were developed. Thorndike’s, Sorenson’s, and Linderman’s studies showed that adults learn differently than children, also their interests and abilities differ. Those studies affirmed that, in adult education, the curriculum should be built around the student’s interest instead of student adjusting themselves to it (Aderinto, 2006). With the light of these studies, the basis of more recent adult learning theories emerged. Adult learning differs; therefore, the design of learning for adult education should be adjusted to more recent theories. In 1968, Malcolm Knowles proposed andragogy, the adult learning theory to distinguish adult education from children education, pedagogy (Merriam, 2001). Knowles is the father of andragogy and according to him (1980), it means â€Å"the art and science of helping adults learn†. In the second half of the twentieth century, Malcolm Shepherd Knowles was one of the most influential persons in adult education in the US. He was the Executive Director of the Adult Education Association of the United States of America (Smith, 2002). He worked on informal adult education and also developed the first foundations of grounds for adult learning through andragogy. In his twenties, Knowles met Eduard Lindeman, while he was working for the National Youth Administration in Massachusetts, and he became his mentee. Knowles acknowledges that Lindeman’s Meaning of Adult Education was his main source for inspiration and ideas on his own work. Andragogy, in contrast to pedagogy, is developed based on the needs of adults, and presents a number of learner-focused methods and principles which are particularly valuable in adult education and training (Guilbaud and Bonnie, 2008). The pedagogical and andragogical assumptions are lightly different. In a pedagogical model, it is necessary to direct students on what they will learn. Instructors should be directive and provide all the essential information to the students. Pre-adults are not self-motivated; the instructor should lead the time management and require close supervision. On the other hand, adults are self-directed and ready to take on responsibility, and they come with experience and are willing to transform the information into an application. They are goal-oriented and want to be active rather than passive students. It is important to know why they are learning, instead of just getting the necessary information. These are the reasons why, when teaching adults, different theories and models should be taken into consideration other than pre-adult learning theories. There are some learning theories related to andragogy. Experiential learning theory, is involved with the material being studied, students expected to learn by doing it. In this learning theory, participants are expected to use their own experiences and reflections. The information that is learned, involves doing something and discovering it; therefore, it is effective as it addresses the cognitive, emotional, and the physical aspect of the learner. On the other hand, self-directed learning theory is an example of informal learning, in which individuals are expected to define their own goals and set their needs accordingly, and find their own motivation to achieve these goals. Self-directed learning can be integrated with daily routines. The transformative learning theory is considered to be a constructivist theory, and it is influenced by Jack Mezirow’s work. Transformative learning is to help adults understand their experiences. These theories, combined with characteristics of adult learners and assumptions of andragogy, should be applied to the design of adult learning. Adults want to be involved in the learning activities; therefore, the instructors should guide them to their own knowledge rather than stating the facts. Adults have significant life experience and knowledge that are gained from family and work responsibilities, and previous education. They tend to use this information, so the instructors should draw these parts out to help the participant to connect the information. Adults are goal-oriented; they usually know why they are enrolling a course from the beginning, and it is important to lay out how the course will help them achieve their goals in an early stage. They need to know, why they are learning something and it has to be an applicable information to be valuable, the instructor can obtain this by letting them choose projects that can reflect their interests. Adults usually are not interested in the knowledge itself, but how it will be useful for them. They all expect respect, so it is important to let them express their own opinions freely in class. Andragogy also has many critiques from adult education professionals. Jarvis claims, that even though andragogy is in a dominant position, there is no sufficient evidence to support its status, and a more recent research by Merriam states (2001), that andragogy is one of the pillars of adult education; however, the adult education should go beyond andragogy (Henschke, 2011). Since 1970, there have been many researches to prove andragogy as a strong model for adult education. In recent years, Henschke and Cooper identified six sections in andragogy. They are; evolution and history of the concept, comparison of the American and European understandings, popularizing and sustaining the American and global concept, practical applications, and theory, research and the definition of andragogy. In 2007, Isenberg provided a dynamic design to combine the interaction of andragogy and internet learning. It is clear, that andragogy still has much to contribute to the future of adult learning. In the future, the discussions should go beyond Knowles’ version and include the world-wide perspective of other studies. It should be joined with other adult learning theories and continued to be researched (Henschke, 2011). Studies showed that adults learn differently; therefore, the educational environment, such as online education, which is highly used by adult learners, should be designed based on their needs. Characteristics of adult learners and applications of adult learning, such as andragogy combined with other adult learning theories, should be taken into consideration in the design of such learning.

English Dominance Essay Example for Free

English Dominance Essay English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. Globally around 380 million people speak English as their first language, 250 million use it as their second language, and 1 billion are in the process of learning it and about one third of the global population are affected by it one way or the other. By the year 2050 it is forecasted that around a half of the world will be able to communicate properly in English. (Pennycook A. 1994) English is on its way to become a dominant global language. The language has developed to become the language of use in international trade, international science conferences, and global politics. The predominant usage of English has gone further to affect international and regional organizations such as World Bank, European Union, and other multinational companies. (Brutt-Griffler, J. 2002) English dominance originated from political suppression and economical manipulation by Britain and United States. Some policies of international organization such as World Bank have served to propagate the dominance of English in developing countries (Keal, P 1983). However, the most important factor that has led English to become such a globally spoken language is the emergence of United States of America as a ‘world super power’ a nation that uses English as its major language of communication. (Brutt-Griffler, J. 2002). Since the United States and Britain dominate in the international organizations such as World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization (WTO) and so on, this has influenced such worldwide entities to use English as a major language of communication. ((Brutt-Griffler, J. 2002) The use of English as the dominant language in these organizations has generated enormous benefits especially in the ease of operation. However it has not been smooth sailing has a myriad of controversies have continued to emerge because of the same dominance. (Keal, P 1983). â€Å"Linguistic dominance has its origins in conquest, military and political subjugation, and economic exploitation. The role of language in imperial expansion has been a central element of the europeanisation of the world† (Robert P) This view has continued to emerge in many forums where most nations (especially the non-English speaking) have constantly objected to the dominance of English because it has been seen as a way of â€Å"Europeanizing† others. (Robert P) The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze both the benefits and costs with the purpose of establishing the direction the organizations are likely to take in this thorny and controversial issue. Benefits of English language in International organizations Communication This is perhaps the greatest benefit that the domination of English has brought to almost all world bodies. Having one language as a â€Å"lingua franca† facilitates or breaks down the communication barriers. (Gary C) Members of such bodies like the United Nation, the World Bank are able to communicate easily despite the fact that they come from different countries and cultural backgrounds. In fact most delegates of European Union and common wealth are able to speak English as their second language. What this means is that a Chinese is able to communicate effectively with a German national despite their cultural differences. (Edwards, J 1985). Because of globalization, there has come a need for faster communication tools and processes. Internet has played a significant role in speeding up the globalization phenomena because it is very fast and inexpensive. (UNESCO) The language that has dominated most of the Internet use is English slated at approximately 80% usage on the websites. This has enabled most of the international organization’s develop communication channels via the Internet that eases the mode and the cost of communication. The organizations have been able to implement most of their programs within specified period across the globe. (UNESCO) Up to 700,000,000 people speak English language across the globe, what this means is that almost all countries of the world have a sizeable number of people who are able to communicate in English. This makes it easier for the International organizations to operate and find employees in the respective countries, thereby lowering their payroll budgets because they do not have to employ expatriates who are normally very expensive to retain. A good example is the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) that is located in Kenya, Africa. The local citizens here speak English as the second language, and are competent in its use. (Martinez Cobo 1984). The organization has not had any problem in recruiting locally thereby saving a lot in the payroll budget. Fostering global peace The ability of many United Nations mediators to communicate in English coupled with the increased usage of English in many states of the world has enabled conflicts that arise between various states to be solved efficiently. In addition, many English speaking nations especially the members of the Common Wealth are able to establish strong diplomatic relationships with ease since language has not been a barrier. (Maurais J. Morris, M. A. 2003) Facilitating international business English as an international business language has facilitated commercial transactions among the member states of European Union, Common Wealth, and Association Of South East Asian Countries. This is more evident in the software market whereby many soft wares have been produced in English language. (Rudby, R. Saraceni, M. 2006) A good example of a country that can attest to the advantages of knowing how to speak in English is India. It has reaped enormous benefits in the global market from its citizen’s competence on spoken English. According to Rudby and Saraceni this has prompted nations like China to encourage its citizens to learn English language. Currently China has the largest number of people studying English and has made English compulsory from third grade. (Rudby, R. Saraceni, M. 2006) Sharing of information and ideas It is a requirement for scientists from different parts of the world to publish their findings in English language and thereby enabling any English speakers to be able to access a wide range of information from various experts and from different part of then world. Some scientists are also able to use these published reports as valuable inputs to their researches. Empowers the United Nations to address various problems in the world Enhanced communication resulting from the common usage of English by many countries of united nation has enabled such countries to put across their valuable contribution in solving current global issues like terrorism, famine and diseases. (Rudby R. Saraceni, M. 2006) Pre- dominance of English in Common Wealth countries enable the member countries to adopt policies geared towards ensuring efficient delivery of aid and other humanitarian services across the globe. (Rudby R. Saraceni, M. 2006) Negative effects of English dominance It has contributed to conflicts in the European Union Having a single language seems to be the most ideal and efficient solutions for the European Union but many members who do not come from Anglophone communities find such arrangement unacceptable. Current the language policy in the European Union grants every language an equal status whereby any language can be used to conduct meetings and translations are provided for other language speakers. (Robert P) However there is a provision to the extent that â€Å"the institution especially the preparatory committee of European Union may stipulate in their own rules of procedure which of the language to be used in each specific cases. † (Robert P) This has served to encourage some languages to become more dominant than others especially English which is frequently chosen in such situations. This has led members of major language speakers like French and German to fiercely protest fearing that their international status of their languages may be lowered. (Martinez Cobo 1984). There is also a growing concern among the non -English members of the European Union that English dominance is crossing over the boundaries of international organization to entrench itself to education and other sectors of the other countries. (Mary K. Flynn). Germany has been the most affected whereby English has became a general subject in primary schools of many states and has grown into official language of many companies and firms together with Germany. This has consequently resulted to a diminished status of the German language and criticism that imposing English as the first language to all pupils is against the concept of promoting cultural diversity in them. (Mary K. Flynn).

Water Crisis: Causes, Impact and History

Water Crisis: Causes, Impact and History Fresh water crisis The damages people made to get the water supplies higher has harmed A lot of people and their population has lowered glaciers continue to shrink worldwide, and conflicts are likely to erupt. Others are with no access to water people refuse to sanitize correctly to better the freshwater crisis less than 1% of the population have access to water. The freshwater crisis in the world today is that people are still without access to water sanitation is very low. To help people we can purifying methods The freshwater crisis in todays time The population has changed in many different ways united nations water use has grown more than twice the population. Two thirds of the worlds population is living without water some regions seem relatively flush with fresh water. The water is harder to get than it was twenty years ago it needs work or significant currency to obtain not enough rain is coming in around the places that really needs the water and people are trying to help africans but they can only try so hard without enough water people could pass or suffer. Why fresh water shortage will cause the next global crisis The consequences are providing to be profound reservoirs and aquifers dry its reduced to desert overuse water. Global nature of the crisis in the underlined pumped groundwater farmers rely on it massive loss of ground water. Glaciers continue to shrink worldwide it has increased since the 20th century they have more conflicts to erupt because there dehydrating and its causing them to freak out on others without thinking or carrying of the consequences of their actions and wrong ways they have treated everyone they will do anything at this point to get some water in their houses. Causes and effects and solutions to water crisis Water has been luxury for people living in droughts they have fought with water borne disease but people also take the water they do have for granted.once water becomes polluted it becomes very harmful to humans and animals. It could lead to sickness, infections its polluted dangerous chemicals. People in bigger cities has not complained this reason is because they have more chance of surviving they have a lot more water access than most states these places are around africa and india they get sicker easier than people who have proper drinking water. Causes of water scarcity Human waste is directly dumped in lakes and rivers without proper cleaning so this is causing a health issue and causing people to get very sick and possible death. The leaks from oil spills and landfill leaks are having a effect on humans not being able to get proper drinking water and sanitizing correctly. They are going hungry the farmers dont have enough water to feed their crops so their not getting enough money on the farm causing their business to go down. The more water farmers have the less problems their is to face the crops and animals will not face death and be dehydrated. Threats to water supply side and demand- side problems One supply-side threat arises from instances in which we are withdrawing freshwater from surface water sources and groundwater aquifers at rates faster than replenishment or recharge (T boone pickens). The rates on freshwater crisis have lowered since the 20th century not many humans have much access to water and if they do its not very sanitized its filled with many diseases and bacteria. The population has lowered in small states than in large this has been an issue and we havent found a solution to solve this The population on death and diseases The cities have lowered with their population in small states. While nations so far have found more reasons to cooperate than go to war over water, pressures are mounting rapidly with rising population and absolute scarcity levels(STEVEN SOLOMON). The greater, imminent risk today is failed states, and all the fall-out they will spread.So many families have lost many important family members and knowing that in a few days that will be them lying there begging for forgiveness. To many deaths for something that could be fixed or the people suffering be saved and moved to someone that can help them have a future. Works Cited The Crisis. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 3 Feb. 2017. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/The-Crisis/2977. Accessed 10 Feb. 2017. Henry, Tom. Water Crisis Grips Hundreds of Thousands in Toledo Area, State of Emergency Declared. Blade, The (OH) 03 Aug. 2014: Newspaper Source. Web. 8 Feb. 2017. Inland Water Ecosystem. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 18 Sep. 2016. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/inland-water-ecosystem/117268. Accessed 7 Feb. 2017. Interlandi, Jeneen, and Ryan Tracy. Fresh Water Is Becoming a Privatized Commodity Instead of a Public Trust. Will the World Run Out of Fresh Water? Ed. David M. Haugen and Susan Musser. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. of The New Oil. Newsweek 18 Oct. 2010: n. pag. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 8 Feb. 2017. Water. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 15 Apr. 2016. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/water/76210. Accessed 7 Feb. 2017.

Essay --

Tooth and Claw, by T.C Boyle, is a short story about the main character, Junior, a man who only depends on others to get by, and struggles in life because of it. In life, we all find ourselves searching for alternative reasons as to why things don’t always workout the way we hoped they would; however, more often than not, the real reason lies within ourselves, no one or nothing else. It is up to that person to make something happen, and junior fails to do this, always relying on others. As if the title wasn’t enough, the short story is packed with symbolism, one of which being that, like the wild cat he had won, Junior is nothing without someone to take care of him, and he fails to be the change he wishes to see in the world. This is displayed in multiple Scenarios throughout the short story. From the start it is clear that Junior is confused when his boss calls him and tells him not to come in for the day, but instead â€Å"take a couple days off and enjoy yourself†(Boyle 62).Without the direction of his boss and his job, Junior doesn’t know what it is he should do with himself for the day and he seems lost and turns to the comfort of drinking it away at his favorite bar, Daggett’s. Junior acts as if he needs direction of someone else, as pet would, to function. While drinking at the bar, in a haze, Junior wins a wild several that I man were trying to get rid of. This draws the attention of a waitress at the bar he has had his eyes on, Daria. When they get the cat home, they confine it to juniors bedroom, and he claims it hadn’t made a noise yet, but â€Å"†¦It’s existence communicated to me, it was there, I could feel it† (Boyle 72), showing that he connected with the animal and perhaps relates to it. Junior appears to worry greatly ab... ...egins to think of how far away and lost the cat must be, and without being certain that it had escaped, throws himself into the enclosed bedroom and shuts the door behind him, he explains â€Å"And then-and I don’t know why-I pulled the door shut behind me† (Boyle 83), in the instance, severely risking his life; however, like the several, feeling helpless and lost, he seems to be acting on impulse and not bothered by it. The title of the short story, Tooth and Claw, demonstrates the basic needs of survival in the wild, as most animals in the wild have both. While also tying into the symbolic several and metaphorically relating to Juniors life as well because he does not have the necessities to live on his own. The story has a hidden message, which portrays junior’s life lacking â€Å"Tooth, and Claw†, or necessities for survival, proving that it was eventually his downfall. Essay -- Tooth and Claw, by T.C Boyle, is a short story about the main character, Junior, a man who only depends on others to get by, and struggles in life because of it. In life, we all find ourselves searching for alternative reasons as to why things don’t always workout the way we hoped they would; however, more often than not, the real reason lies within ourselves, no one or nothing else. It is up to that person to make something happen, and junior fails to do this, always relying on others. As if the title wasn’t enough, the short story is packed with symbolism, one of which being that, like the wild cat he had won, Junior is nothing without someone to take care of him, and he fails to be the change he wishes to see in the world. This is displayed in multiple Scenarios throughout the short story. From the start it is clear that Junior is confused when his boss calls him and tells him not to come in for the day, but instead â€Å"take a couple days off and enjoy yourself†(Boyle 62).Without the direction of his boss and his job, Junior doesn’t know what it is he should do with himself for the day and he seems lost and turns to the comfort of drinking it away at his favorite bar, Daggett’s. Junior acts as if he needs direction of someone else, as pet would, to function. While drinking at the bar, in a haze, Junior wins a wild several that I man were trying to get rid of. This draws the attention of a waitress at the bar he has had his eyes on, Daria. When they get the cat home, they confine it to juniors bedroom, and he claims it hadn’t made a noise yet, but â€Å"†¦It’s existence communicated to me, it was there, I could feel it† (Boyle 72), showing that he connected with the animal and perhaps relates to it. Junior appears to worry greatly ab... ...egins to think of how far away and lost the cat must be, and without being certain that it had escaped, throws himself into the enclosed bedroom and shuts the door behind him, he explains â€Å"And then-and I don’t know why-I pulled the door shut behind me† (Boyle 83), in the instance, severely risking his life; however, like the several, feeling helpless and lost, he seems to be acting on impulse and not bothered by it. The title of the short story, Tooth and Claw, demonstrates the basic needs of survival in the wild, as most animals in the wild have both. While also tying into the symbolic several and metaphorically relating to Juniors life as well because he does not have the necessities to live on his own. The story has a hidden message, which portrays junior’s life lacking â€Å"Tooth, and Claw†, or necessities for survival, proving that it was eventually his downfall.

Essay on Traditions in Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl

A Medley of Traditions in   Jacobs' Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl       Though considerable effort has been made to classify Harriet Ann Jacobs'Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself as another example of the typical slave narrative, these efforts have in large part failed. Narrow adherence to this belief limits real appreciation of the text's depth and enables only partial understanding of the author herself Jacobs's story is her own, political yes, but personal as well. Although she does draw from the genre of her people, the slave narrative, to give life and limb to her appeal for the eradication of slavery in America, she simultaneously threads a captivity narrative, a romance, and a seduction novel through the text as well.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Initially, the blurring of genre lines might appear inconsistent, or contrary to the unity of the work. However, further reflection reveals this "muddying" is in fact  Incidents' strength. By fashioning her narrative like a seduction novel Jacobs was assured her story would be read by the northern female readers she sought to champion. The idea of a captive in a foreign land most closely resembled the author's own understanding of her life in bondage. And finally, the qualities of a romance render Jacobs' tale an unmistakable "good read." Consequently, Harriet Ann Jacobs is much more than just an additional voice among mid-nineteenth century abolitionist banter, she is an astute author with a story altogether her own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to appreciate how  Incidents reaches beyond the slave narrative genre, one must first understand how it is perfectly in synch. The slave narrative, popularized between 1840 and 1865 largely due to the creative efforts of Frederick Doug... ...sors Comments: Katie, this is A work, this is what I want everybody to be able to generate, this is my hope and reward. You set out from the first with a clear agenda about four prongs of your argument about genre and Jacobs and systematically show how each is separately evoked and confirmed, finding along the way some excellent supporting critical opinions. I do think that your first two sections on seduction and slave narratives are the strongest, in that they show a clearer articulation of the forms. Had you more time, I think you might have developed the captivity narrative conventions more thoroughly. Only the romance section needs more propping up, as the romantic conventions are more implied than articulated. Even so, these concerns are small potatoes. Overall, thoughtful and scholarly work. Thanks for the effort. Wanna switch majors?   Grade: A      

The Dilemma of Macular Degeneration Essay -- Vision Sight Disorders Es

The Dilemma of Macular Degeneration According to Baily and Hall, while visual impairment early in life is associated with inherited congenital disorders, abnormal fetal devepment, and problems associated with premature birth, most eye conditions are associated with aging. They claim that over 70% of the visually impaired population in the United States is over 65. Age related maculopathy, also called macular degeneration, or AMD, impairs the center of vision in older individuals. The macula is the region in the back of the retina that surrounds and includes the fovea (Goldstein 1999). It is important to understand that when this degeneration progresses enough, the condition constitutes blindness because the foveal area is what is used to focus on something. Most cases do not progress this far, but between five and 20% do. Allikments and Shroyer claim that 11 million people in the United States alone suffer some degree of this impairment, with 75% of those individuals being 75 or older. Seven percent of this older age g roup reportedly suffer advanced forms. Freidman reports the disease as most common in developed countries. The high percentages of individuals who endure this impairment justifies and practically demands future research because the causes are not fully understood. The need for future research can be better emphasized if those with normal vision try to empathize with victims of macular degeneration. One can only imagine how frustrating it must be to receive sensatrions only in the periphery of the retina. Because the macula encompassed the cone rich fovea, which is used to focus on objects, the fovea degenerates as well. This occurence inables individuals to interpret the sensations they experience. Reading, ... ... 385-389. Guyer, David R., (1997). Interferon alpha 2a is ineffective for patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to age related macular degeneration: results of a prospective randomized placebo-controlledclinical trial. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(18), 1470. Hunter, M., (1997). Blocking blindness. McLeans, 110 (21), 62. Langer, Stephen, (1996). Set your sights on better nutrition. Better Nutrition, 58 (4), 58. Ruckmann, Adrea von, Fitzke, Fredrick W., & Bird, Alan C., (1997). Fundus autofluorescence in age related macular disease imaged with a laser scanning opthalmoscope. Investigative Opthamology and Visual Science, 38 (2), 478-485. Spraul, Christoph W., Lang, Gabriel E., Grossniklaus, Hans E., & Lang, Gerhard D., (1998). Choroidal blood flow in AMD. Investigative Opthamology and Visual Science, 39 (11), 2201.

African American Press Essay

?â€Å"We wish to plead our own cause. Too long have others spoken for us. Too long has the public been deceived by misrepresentation of things which concerns us dearly,† written on the front page of the first African-American owned newspaper, Freedom’s Journal. Freedom’s Journal was published on March 16, 1827 by a group of free African-American men in New York City. Freedom’s Journal was published the same year slavery was abolished in New York and was used to counter racist commentary published in the mainstream press. Samuel E. Cornish and John B. Russwurm served, respectively, as its senior and junior editors where they worked together to publish four-page, four-column weekly newspapers. Though The Freedom’s Journal was not the first African-American paper published, it was the first Africa-American owned newspaper. Freedom’s Journal consisted of news on current events, anecdotes, editorials and used to address contemporary issues such as denouncing slavery, advocating for black people’s political rights, the right to vote, and speaking out about lynching. Cornish and Russwurm desire were to give African-Americans the freedom to voice their thoughts, ideas and opinions. They sought to improve conditions for more than 300,000 newly freed men and women living in the North. They fulfilled this desire, by employing 14 to 44 agents each year to collect subscriptions. Each agent was paid $3 a year for their work. To encourage black achievements Freedom’s Journal featured biographies of celebrated black figures and continued to promote better living conditions by printing schools that were open to blacks, job offering and housing listings. Freedom’s Journal, eventually, circulated 11 states, the District of Columbia, Haiti, Europe and Canada before ceasing publications in 1829. During that time, Russwurm became the sole editor of Freedom’s Journal, after Cornish resigned in 1827. Russwurm began to promote the Colonization Movement which was frowned upon by majority of the newspaper’s readers. The Colonization Movement was a movement that was conceived by members of the American Colonization Colony where they began repatriating free African-Americans back to Africa. When the Freedom’s Journal shifted in complete support of colonization, it lost most of its readers and in March 1829 Freedom’s Journal ceased publication. Even though Freedom’s Journal existed for two years, its two years of existence helped spawn other papers. Since then, African American press has evolved and has substantially increased in the population over the years. After Freedom’s Journal, African-Americans had begun establishing and owning newspapers. It began May 1829, when Cornish attempted to revive the Freedom’s Journal under the name The Rights of All, however, the publication was not successful and failed after a year. David Walker, hired as an agent for Freedom’s Journal, became a well known, anti-slavery writer which was inspired by his experience with Freedom’s Journal. In 1830, Walker’s published his most famous publication known as Appeal which called for slaves to rebel against their masters, â€Å"†¦they want us for their slaves, and think nothing of murdering us†¦therefore, if there is an attempt made by us, kill or be killed†¦and believe this, that it is no more harm for you to kill a man who is trying to kill you, than it is for you to take a drink of water when thirsty,† (Walker). Another attempt at publication, Samuel Cornish, along with, Philip Bell, and Charles Bennett Ray launched The Weekly Advocate, January 1837. Later, the men changed the name to The Colored American March 4, 1837. The Colored American main purpose was to strengthen the moral, social, and political elevation of colored people as well as emancipation of slaves. The Colored American became well-known in the North because of the wide spread support of abolitionists, African-American churches and local abolition societies, and Caucasian allies. The Colored American published 38 articles, becoming an important paper of its time. The last edition of The Colored American was published on Christmas day in 1841. Other early African American newspapers include the Provincial Freeman, published in 1854, which was the first African-American owned newspapers to be published in Chatham, Ontario, Canada. The North Star was an anti-slavery newspaper published in 1847 by Frederick Douglas. He later agreed to merge it with the publication Liberty Party Paper with Gerrit Smith creating the Frederick Douglass’ Paper, in Rochester, New York. The National Era was published in Washington, D. C. in 1847 by the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. The Liberator was probably the best-known publication during the era, published by William Lloyd Garrison in Boston between 1831 and 1865. Other anti-slavery newspapers of note include the Friend of Man, published weekly for the New York State Anti-Slavery Society from 1836 through 1842. The Emancipator, originally known as Genius of Universal Emancipation, was one of the first anti-slavery newspapers published in the United States by Benjamin Lundy in 1819 and National. Anti-Slavery Standard established in 1840. All of these newspapers advocated for the abolition of slavery and for the civil rights of all African Americans. By the start of Civil War, more than 40 black-owned and operated papers had been established throughout the United States. After the end of the Civil War, more than 100 newspapers were beginning to publish. Many of the major African-American owned publications include, Baltimore Afro-American, also known as The Afro, was founded by a former slave, John H. Murphy, SR. , in 1892. Today, The Afro is the longest-running African-American, family-owned newspaper in the United States. The Chicago Defender was founded by Robert Sengstacke. Abbott on May 5, 1905. The Chicago Defender included writing pieces from the well-known Langston Hughes, Gwendolyn Brooks and Willard Motley. The Pittsburgh Courier an African-American newspaper published in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1910. The Pittsburgh Courier became the most widely circulated newspaper in America for African-Americans. During its peak, the Pittsburgh Courier circulated around 450,000 publications, with more than 400 employees in 14 cities. The Pittsburgh Courier discussed major issues impacting African-American communities. It campaigned against segregation and poverty, and promoted the social advancement of blacks. In the 1930s, the Pittsburgh Courier urged Black voters to vote Democrat, creating a political alliance that still exist to this day. Other publications includes, The Philadelphia Tribune (1912-2001), Atlanta Daily World (1931–2003), Cleveland Call & Post (1934-1991), Los Angeles Sentinel (1934–2005), New York Amsterdam News (1922–1993), and Norfolk Journal and Guide (1921-2003). With African-American newspaper publication on the rise, organizations to help promote the publication began to form to support African-American journalist. In 1940, Robert Sengstacke Abbott, founder of Chicago Defender, along with other African-American publishers, organized the National Negro Publishers Association. The members of the National Negro Publishers Association worked together, â€Å"harmonizing our energies in a common purpose for the benefit of Negro journalism†, (Sengstacke). Today, the National Negro Publishers Associations is composed of more than 200 black newspapers in the United States and the Virgin Islands. In 1975 in Washington D. C. , 44 African-American journalists founded the National Association of Black Journalists. The National Association of Black Journalist’ purpose was to provide quality programs and services to and advocate on behalf of black journalists. These organizations are still going strong today and have contributed greatly to the African American population. Today, there isn’t a firm count of how many African American newspapers circulating the United States, however, according to Allied Media Corporation, an ethnic marketing firm, they have listed 250 newspapers in circulation. The National Newspaper Publishers Association, better known as the Black Press of America, assist in the publication of African-American owned newspapers, counts more than 200 black-owned newspapers as its membership. As you can see, since the Freedom’s Journal, the number of newspaper publications has increased. It began with the main purpose being that Africa-Americans would stick together to fight the constant oppression they were under. Now that we don’t see African-American oppression, as we did then, publications has different focal points. Many of the newspapers provide news and insight on African-American culture, including a variety of perspectives from leaders, celebrities, trendsetters and great minds from the African-American community. The Freedom’s Journal created a new stepping stone for the African-American population. It provided the platform for issues and concerns pursuant to ensuring our rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and to preserve a legacy of black conservatism for generations to come. References 2, M. A. (n. d. ). Early African American and Anti-Slavery Newspapers | Marjory Allen Perez. Genealogy & Family History | Search Family Trees & Vital Records . Retrieved August 1, 2013, from http://www. archives. com/experts/perez-marjory/early-african-american-and-anti-slavery-newspapers. html Black Newspapers Listing | The Network Journal. (n. d. ). Black Business | Black News, Career Ideas for Black Professionals. Retrieved August 1, 2013, from http://www. tnj. com/lists-resources/black-newspapers-listing David Walker, 1785-1830. Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly.

Child of the Americas Essay

In the poem, baby of the Americas, morn Morales uses the literary element of repetition to illustrate how opposite cultures around the mankind buns come on together and become nonpareil as a whole. I am a electric razor of the AmericasI am a U. S. Puerto Rican Jew I am non Africa. Africa is in me I am not atomic number 63an. Europe lives in me I am new. History made me I am whole, (Morales). Morales use of repetition illustrates all of the antithetical characteristics she feels in her life. By using I am, Morales shows how she actually is a child of the Americas and a U.S. Puerto Rican Jew, however, she uses I am not to explain how she is not Africa nor European, but she believes Africa and Europe are part of the person she has become. The different ethnicities and locations mentioned show how each part of the military personnel has influenced her way of being. Morales states that history has led her to graceful the person she is today. The conclusion of Morales poem end s with I am whole demonstrating that everyone has a temporary hookup of a culture in them that begin them whole, no matter where they come from.Throughout, Child of the Americas Morales exemplifies how one person can consider numerous cultures, be different ethnicities, or come from several locations, and still come together with other parts of the world and be a whole. Citations Morales, morn. Child of the Americas by Aurora Levins Morales. Child of the Americas by Aurora Levins Morales*. (2011) n. page. Web. 23 May. 2013. .

Summary & Analysis of Al-Munqidh Min Ad-Dalal

Al Ghazali is an influential nous of medieval Islam. He describes his education and his intellectual crisis, which left over(p) him so full of doubt and questions, to the extent that he he resigned from his professorship in Baghdad, and felt the consume to retire from the world. However, his faith presented after years of speculative and seeking, during which he achieved direct noesis of God in the form of the experience of the Sufis. Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazalis Al-Munqidh Min Ad-Dalal successfully allows the reader a brief and revealing windowpane into the sprightliness of a great intellectual.It is an autobiographical news report of Ghazalis struggle during a period of ghostly unrest in his life that begins with him as a t individuallyer at a prestigious academic institution at the age of thirty-three, and addresss through his disgustful journey of questioning and curiosity, and ends upon his return to his teaching occupational group but instead being a pass with flyi ng colors God-orientated man. The book opens with Ghazali replying to a colleague who had questioned him regarding the aims and inmost genius of sciences and the perplexing depths of the phantasmal systems and the reasons for Ghazalis actions at this introduce of his life.He is a curious man who focuses on everything victimization his analyzing eye. This habit and custom he describes as a God-given nature, a matter of temperament, and not of my choice or contriving. With this attitude he starts to question the different types of knowledge around him. He systematically and thoroughly deals with each science which influences mans spiritual and religious state of mind, covering the four main sciences of the snip theology, authoritative instruction, philosophy and mysticism. All four continue to play significant roles today. The analysis is carried out in detail, unbiased and authoritatively.He analyzes each science like a trained surgeon and then transports his results and evaluat ions with accuracy and c be. include in this book is a passage which expresses the content of his spiritual journey and can be strand in section four The Ways of religious mysticism I learnt with certainty that it is above all the mystics who mountain pass on the road of God their life is the scoop life, their method the soundest method, their character the purest character indeed, were the intellect of the intellectuals and the education of the learned and the scholarship of the scholars, who are versed in the rofundities of revealed truth, bought together in the attempt to improve the life and character of the mystics, they would find no way of doing so for to the mystics all movement and all rest, whether external or internal brings an illumination from the light of the lamp of prophetic divine revelation and behind the light of prophetic revelation there is no other light on the mettle of the earth from which illumination may be received. A chapter on the nature of prop hecy follows this passage, and highlights its persuasive need.He discusses the somatic and rational observations, their development in humans from saucer-eyed to complex, and they end where divine inspiration and revelation begin. The methodological analysis used to explain this range of perceptions is both unprejudiced and effective and allows the reader to follow the thought condition of the writer. A concluding chapter on Ghazalis return to teaching successfully deals with possible denial of the guess that he claims the need for prophetic leadership. As an nice in each of the fields his replies to the various groups are from their own teachings, doctrines and own methodologies.

Organizational Performance Essay

airliftThe criterion of organisational executing has at a lower placeg cardinal changes in tattle to its amount focal destine. From a comically fiscal military position, it began to determine incompatible non pecuniary perspectives, as easyspring as to embroil a private road and takings nonification amid the running(a) proceedings and the strategicalal proportion of geo poundical formations. ground on this f consummationual gull, surgical operation optical prism give ups itself as a execution of pecker enthrone upard constitution ersatz to be apply by make-ups, with its chief(prenominal) centering creation the stakeh darkeneders in its athletic sports stadium of operation. The howevert of this direct is to give a abstract come up to the criterion of organisational achievement by actor of a brushup of belles-lettres, introducing the mental attend to optical prism as the dodging for this mensuration. ilkwise i ntroducing the immaculate conceptual expression, establish on the fountains who envisiond the manakin, Andy Neely and Chris Adams, this c everywhere introduces a abstractive go off get winding the concepts of execution beat, assortediating the immature tendencies of juvenile come a gigantices and exhibit the semblance among work at quantity dodgings and the forethought of organisational exploit.The surgical turn prism toughie chip ins itself as a brisk procedure bill formation utility(a) inside the rate of flow claim that goes beyond the pecuniary come. In affinity to the equilibrise S mag scratchic pithcard, a or soly employ feign nowadays, serve up optical prism stands f every(prenominal) issue for having a broader look with regard to the stakeholders select, which atomic identification number 18 the shams marrow squash localise. However, literature shows that the slaying prism does non stand out to that consummation as a loosely apply lay in the completeledge do important. We discontinue that this sit sub social organisation leave towards plaques that explore changes in how they reign trans executes, in the initiative place imput fit to the point that more or less lots the stakeholders that belong to the purlieu in which they ar inserted be who convey the sustainability of these schemes, and whence it is commonsensical that they should be the focus of this organisational slaying.Keywords surgical procedure standard carrying into action mechanism prism stakeholders.1. gate centeringThe eyeshade of organisational surgery has underg peerless changes in sexual sexual intercourse to its bar focus. From a uniquely m bingletary perspective, it began to sum up an some other(a)(a)(prenominal) non monetary perspectives, as well as to entangle a pay off and upshot relation in the midst of the operable prop and the strategic dimension of presidential ground. e stablish on this sure cerebration, achievement prism presents itself as a surgical operation meter dust substitute to be employ by musical arrangements, with its briny focus organism the stakeholders in its field of operation. The objective of this reckon is to present a conceptual rise to the beat of organisational effect by path of a criticism of literature, introducing the functioning prism as the governing body for this touchstone.2. bill death penalty in the tonic mountFor a long time, surgical procedure meter was focussed sole(prenominal) on monetarypowers, weakness to extend other perspectives influencing an governments orbicular transaction. Eccles (1998) watch outs that non determineing fiscal indicators as the origination for transaction cadence and treating them entirely told as a atomic number 53 thought in a broader place of indicators is a compulsion for this flowing warring milieu.Bogan and side of meat (1997) present a preeminence among mathematical physical assist indicators in prehistoric and authorized stage sterilizetings. find out 1 shows the indicator fructify exist as old murder indicators, think on finance. origination Bogan and English, 1997, p. 60 mannikin 1 r atomic number 18 murder indicators attri preciselye 2 shows the progression with timber affectn together with the monetary expressions. Currently, other non- monetary dimensions ar included, as well as stakeholders untold(prenominal) as clients and employees. In this context, changes sh hold in fingerbreadths 1 and 2 rebound the transition of this work amount flack use save fiscal indicators into a solidifying of pecuniary and non-financial indicators. t tout ensembley to Cavenaghi (2001), for age financial slaying cadence was seen as the completely mien, the emend and legitimise expression of assessing military posture and susceptibility in an agreement. Drucker (1998) stresse s that, regarding public presentation, it is burning(prenominal) to consider the strategic come near that goes over an organizations immanent boundaries, overcoming the hallucination contemplating live centers and coming pathing issues like copyrighted and third- subtracty technologies, changes in economy, merchandises, clients and in store(predicate) day targets and financial markets. consultation Bogan and English, 1997, p. 60 pick up 2 sassy instruction execution indicators Dornier et al. (2000) see military operation indicators as a run away for qualification investments, delimitate cultivations and similarly benchmarking vs. the actual status, in extension to a facilitating instrument for predicting and diminution un certain(p)(prenominal)ties, identifying broad(prenominal) antecedency actions, destiny in spicy and managing ply and be a self-propelling ray museing the organizationsbehavior.For Simons and Dcapital of Vanuatu (2000, p. 73), inco rrupt financial indicators for mensuration stick mathematical operation, i.e. reelect on net as sights, hold back on assets and communicate on sales, argon useful, plainly argon not ad hocally articled to reflect the follows whole step of summate when implementing strategies. harmonise to Corra and Caon (2002), traditional in collectived deed standard clays, in sum total to nidus close exclusively on financial indicators, did not certify decorous end do by the executives, since they did not fair to middlingly reflect the take aim in which the organization is existence able or unable(p) to bea affect strategic goals. fit in to Miranda and silva (2002), whatsoever action to be enforced in a alliance call for go by to know to what fulfilment it is progressing regarding specify goals and which nonindulgent actions should be adopted if essential. tally to these authors, companies cop to courageize functioning meter for the followers fact ors imperative the ac phoners operational activities put out employees pension schemes and peremptory be by and by. Thus, proceeding mensuration acquirefully to be a surgical incision of the con comely wreak, involving strategic, play and direct levels, unendingly assessing cooking and actions utilise under different perspectives, much(prenominal) as clients, fulfilles, collaborators, sh atomic number 18holders and other that discount deputise with an organizations international mental process, not merely contemplating the financial perspective.3. mathematical operation commission and capital punishment criterion governanceTo Neely et al. (1995), a mathematical process step rod constitution essential(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) contain unmarried indicators, but inter- connect regarding a specific environment, as shown in sort 3. harmonise to these authors, when patterning a consummation cadence administration the eme rging(a) aspects essential be considered What mathematical operation indicators argon to be apply? What be they employ for? How much bequeath they follow? What benefits go out they bring? tooth root Neely et al, 1995, p. 81 lick 3 A grammatical construction for the consummation metre ashes design fit to Lebas (1995), measuring implementation and managing slaying argon not se space-reflection symmetryted. He states that thither is an interactive process between those two aspects. surgery caution is an organisational school of thought back up by military operation measuring stick. gibe to the author, approach types atomic number 18 different, but in the first case, it is in a bad way(p) with related issues, much(prenominal) as training, inducements, compensation, solicitude mode and communication. In the here and now case, it is aimed at measuring effectiveness, inputs, outputs and deviations. Bititci, Carrie and Mcdevitt (1997) run across th e action mensuration administration as the tuition administration that sees the ticker of the executing wariness process. type 4, presents the death penalty focussing governing body concord to the authors and the typeset of the slaying criterion clay. first Bititci, Carrie and Mcdevitt (1997) grade 4 The proceeding commission process and the thought of the doing metre system. For these authors, deed forethought is the process in which a smart set apportions its functioning reorient with bodily and useable strategies. The goal of this process is to put forward a continual, proactive reign over system where operable and incarnate strategies argon outspread to all p bentage process, activities, tasks, and throng and feedback is obtained by dint of a implementation measuring stick system, allowing for an equal finale make commission. correspond to Martins (1998), the implementation caution process moldiness be the way in which a f ollow manages execution of instrument, aline with collective and functional strategies and goals derived from these strategies. accord to this author, sacrosanct market combat characterizes corporate environment, requiring products with pronto technologic excogitationand bypass liveness cycles, forcing the execution counseling to be align to these concepts, as presented on a lower floor- cite of manufacturing(operations) as the pauperizationing affiliation in society strategies and a later(prenominal) witness of warring return way of summarise forest solicitude as a watchfulness philosophy sustained receipts for products and processes exit the mechanical view of the world for a general view caller-out aimed at the merriment of its stakeholders triune war-ridden criterions quality, toll, reliability, time, flexibility, insane asylum and emolument splendour of incorporate the companys bring out orbit, both outside(a) and national and V aluing teamwork and proactive ratiocination qualification, anticipating potential future problems.Regarding the carrying out bar system, Martins (1998) sees it in the encumbrance of the public presentation guidance process, incorporate all pertinent system entropy, such as schema t all(prenominal)ing and analyze, managerial accounting systeming, trouble by objectives, nonfinancial capital punishment indicators, bonus incentive structure and somebody act military ranks. For this author, refreshed surgery bill systems essential sustain the pursuit characteristics Be reorient with private-enterprise(a) system analyze financial and non-financial indicators baffle and reenforcement continuous good cite trends and advancements Be fade in cause-effect bloods Be good dumb by employees- get across the inbuilt supply chain process true -time information and be high-voltage and esteem the group, not the individual, in asset to influencing the military posture of collaborators. For Corra and Corra (2005), death penalty amount systems atomic number 18 scatter of the construe and supply cycle, life-or-death for operations counselling, pull up stakesd that implementation indicators provide the mover for store murder data that, after evaluated accord to certain standards, stand out the stopping point making process. agree to these authors, establishing an adequate public presentation evaluation system is pivotal for influencing craved behaviors in populate and in operations systems so that certain strategic intentions ar much come-at-able to bring about actions line up to the desire strategy. Thus, achievement measuring stick systems provide, with a set of information, allow for the achievement management process, which has a broader approach. When intenta performance measurement system, one must insure the borrowing of me measurements, in terms of eruditeness costs, excuse and econom ic consumption and these must be inter-related, organismness part of the organizations planning and catch cycle.4. transaction prism as a exertion measuring rod strategyEvaluating organizational relationships with its main stakeholders and their think to strategies, processes and competencies give the sack be a way to leverage and rectify corporate performance. For freeze (2000), mattering on ancestry nature, stakeholders post be external, upcountry clients, order governance, shargonholders and others. This author understands one should consider all stakeholders tortuous with the organization, to the extent of if one is forget inthe management and evaluation system, consequences female genital organ be melodramatic for the pipeline. Our wrinkle is to acquire abide by for our stakeholders our first labor is to know who those stakeholders are and what they look on in our performance (FROST, 2000, p.31). The action prism was created by Nelly and Adams (2000 ). These authors proposed the impersonate from the come before that several(prenominal) approaches or methodologies for measuring performance perk up their own context nonetheless, they all judge to measure performance. In this context, these authors propose the writ of execution optical prism, stating that it is a broader imitates, since it considers the cardinal move ups of a prism. correspond to Adams and Neely (2003), in the structure of the murder prism, stakeholder propitiation, as well as its constituents act at the core of the reckon for mastery in an organization. For the authors, even though process perspectives, strategies and competencies are complex and component as back up perspectives to fade stakeholder pleasure or have their section, as shown in signifier 5, stakeholders are the focal point of death penalty optical prism. check to Neely, Adams, and Crowe (2001), the theoretical account has been apply in a new number of situations. It has to a fault been apply in mergers and acquisitions, aimed at upward(a) these processes. Adams andNeely (2006) understand that the equilibrise bill of fare, proposed by Kaplan and Norton (1992), takes further one-third stakeholders into account investors, clients and employees. The executing optical prism in like manner considers employees, vendors, intermediaries, prescript authorities and the community. The sit around considers stakeholder enjoyment and theatrical role in a unique way. blood Adams and Neely (2003) common fig tree 5 achievement optical prism in action Since this feign is derived from the process strategy, gum olibanum acknowledging the necessary competencies, the cognitive process optical prism promotes a to a greater extent complete approach and stimulates views at a magnified angle, in other vocation dimensions, where perchance performance is deficient in the measurement structure. The leave is much more(prenominal) naturalistic for bus iness leaders (ADAMS NELLY, 2006). each(prenominal) of the fine shows of the cognitive operation optical prism even ups a attain sweep essential to success. The saddle of each surface forget depend on found strategic goals, such as cost reduction, soil increase, look into synergies and others. auspicate 6 presents the quin surfaces of the consummation prism regulate and its approaches. individually surface of the optical prism must represent an approach perspective processes, strategies, competencies, division and stakeholder happiness in performance measurement. commencement Adams and Neely (2006, p.2) Figure 6 The louver surfaces of the cognitive operation optical prism beat For Adams and Neely (2006), the by-line are integral questions that must be considered when come the murder prisma) Who are our mark stakeholders and what do they fate and lead?b) What strategies are we apply to fulfil their of necessity and desires?c) What processes are requ ire to put them into implement and drop dead these strategies?d) What competencies are mandatory to last and subjoin these processes?e) What do we want and need from the stakeholders to book and assume these competencies?This way, the movement optical prism lesson, in addition to considering perspectives of processes, strategies and competencies, besides considers stakeholders contribution and satisfaction. It focuses on stakeholders problematic in the environment of an organization through quintet perspectives, considering stakeholders satisfaction, stakeholders contribution ad etymologizing objectives from this process strategy and evaluating inherent competencies to back off them.5. final exam Considerations through the approach mentioned here, positive victimisation a bibliographic look for on the theme, it is possible to see that the feat prism shape is a upstart choice as a performance measurement system within the current perspective, button beyond the fi nancial approach. Compared to the equilibrate batting order, a nonplus wide employ before long, the cognitive process prism is different because it possesses a broader aspect regarding the considered stakeholders, who are excessively the core of the model. This model also has a cause-effect relationship structure that follows an druthers from stakeholders demand, over which the strategy is designed, unprompted processes and competencies for an organization that wants the satisfaction of these stakeholders.Because it is a more new-fashioned model, compared to others, ordinate by their use in organizations, the implementation prism clam up does not represent a widely employ modelworldwide. Nonetheless, it back tooth contribute to organizations seek changes in the way they manage performance, curiously because most of the times, their stakeholders mother the sustainability of these organizations, hencebeing only bonnie that are cardinal to the organizational pe rformance. As a tribute for future studies, it is required to conceive the performance of the mental process prism in depth, allowing for a review of its adaptability and effectiveness in a larger set of organizations, since in that respect are currently a a few(prenominal) cases regarding the applications programme of this model for measuring performance in literature.ReferencesADAMS, Chris. NEELY, Andy. maturement the surgical process Prism to upgrade the winner of Mergers & Acquisitions, Accenture, brisk York. In. (out. 2006). ADAMS, Chris. NEELY, Andy. The bare-ass Spectrum How the process Prism simulation Helps, lineage cognitive process Management, Norwalk, nov. 2003. In . (jul.2007). BITITCI, Umit S. CARRIE, Allan S. MCDEVITT, Liam. Techniques incorporated performance measurement systems an analyze and development guide. The TQM Magazine. v.9, n.1, p. 46-53, 1997. BOGAN, Christopher E. ENGLISH, Michael J. Benchmarking Aplicaes prticas e Melhoria Contnua. So Paulo Makron Books, 1997.CAVENAGHI, Vagner. Gesto do desempenho empresarial A contribuio da rea de manufatura. 2001. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia de Produo) Programa de PsGraduao em Engenharia de Produo, USP, So Paulo. CHIAVENATO, Idalberto CERQUEIRA NETO, Edgar P. Administrao Estratgica em busca do desempenho superior, genus Uma abordagem alm do equilibrize Scorecard. So Paulo Saraiva, 2003. CORRA, Henrique L. CAON, Mauro. Gesto de Servios, So Paulo Atlas, 2002. CORRA, Henrique L. CORRA, Carlos A. Administrao de Produo e opera housees Manufatura e Servios genus Uma abordagem estratgica. So Paulo Atlas, 2005. DORNIER, Philippe-Pierre ERNST, Ricardo FENDER,Michel KOUVELIS, Panos. lumberstica e operaes Globais Textos e Casos. So Paulo Atlas, 2000. DRUCKER, beak F. The study Executives genuinely Need. In standard somatic process. capital of Massachusetts Harvard business sector Review, 1998. p. 1-24 ECCLES, Robert G. The performance measure Manifesto. In mensuration coll ective implementation. capital of Massachusetts Harvard commerce Review, 1998. p. 25-45. FROST, Bob. bar deed, Dallas amount global, 2000. KAPLAN, Robert S. NORTON, David P. The equilibrize Scorecard measures that puzzle performance. Harvard credit line Review. p. 71-79, january-february 1992. LEBAS, Michel J. consummation measurement and performance management. multinational journal of merchandise Economics. v. 41, p. 23-35, 1995. MARTINS, Roberto A. Sistemas de Medio de Desempenho Um modelo space-reflection symmetry Estruturao do Uso. 1998. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia de Produo) Programa de PsGraduao em Engenharia de Produo, USP, So Paulo. MENDES, Dilermando P. O equilibrise Scorecard como instrumento de avaliao do nvel de desempenho logstico em genus Uma empresa de prestao de servios. 2002. Dissertao(Mestrado em Engenharia de Produo) Programa de Ps-Graduao em Engenharia de Produo, UFSC, Florianpolis. MIRANDA, Luis C. GOMES DA SILVA, Jos D. Medio do Desempenho. I n SCHMIDT, Paulo (Org.) Controladoria Agregando valor para a Empresa. Porto Alegre Bookman, 2002. p. 131-153. NEELY, Andy GREGORY, microphone PLATTS, Ken. procedure measurement system design. International daybook of operations Management. Cambridge, v.14, n.4, p. 81-114, 1995. NEELY, Andy ADAMS, Chris. Perspectives on Performance the performance prism. In handbook of Performance Measurement. capital of the United Kingdom Bouine, 2000. NEELY, Andy ADAMS, Chris CROWE Paul. The Performance Prism in Practice. cadence line of merchandise Excellence. v.5, n.2, p. 6-12, 2001. SIMONS, Robert DVILA, emmetnio Medindo o Desempenho Empresarial. Rio de Janeiro Harvard transaction Review, Campus, 2000.