Is Depression Caused by Nature or Nurture Essay - 685 Words

The general public believe that depression is caused by both nature and nurture factors. A majority of the public believed that nurture has a greater influence on whether the person gets depression or not. Uni-polar depression is when a person is always in a very low mood which would last at least 2 weeks to be fully diagnosed with depression. A person who has unipolar depression usually do not see the positive side of things. Bipolar depression is when a person has sudden mood swings from really low mood to sudden high mood, bipolar depression is harder to diagnosis than unipolar depression. Depression is thought to involve many genes. Biological psychologists believe that a person usually develop depression because of genetic†¦show more content†¦There is also strong evidence that depression is caused by drugs or alcohol abuse which ultimately changes some genetics of the person For example cocaine affects neurotransmitters in the brain which could have an affect of developing depression. Biological explanations also include the fact that depression can be developed by several genes becoming mutated/changed because of x-rays, chemicals or ultra violet light. Biological explanations however ignore the fact that nurture can play a significant role in the development of depression for instance some people develop depression (unipolar or bipolar) after a tragic event such as a death of a close family member. Therefore how can those individuals have genetic changes that only get triggered when something horrible happens in the person’s life time? Research with adopted twins have also shown children who have depressive symptoms have the same as their biological parents therefore showing that depression can be inherited (Wender 1968.) Neurochemical factors (chemical changes) has also been involved in developing depression, there is good evidence that if neurotransmitters such as: serotonin, noradrenalin and dopamine is increased or decreased in large amounts it has a great effect on the synapses therefore if there is an imbalance of neurotransmittersShow MoreRelatedNature vs. Nurture1218 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent people with different interests and preferences? Or did the environments that they grew up in play a part in making who they are? In the nature vs. nurture controversy, nature proclaims that our genetic make-up plays the primary role in human development, while nurture declares that our environment dictates our development. The nature vs. nurture controversy is an age old question in the scientific and psychological world with both camps having evidence to support their theories. The controversyRead MoreAre Mental Disorders Biological Or Environmental?1410 Words   |  6 Pages Mrs.Wickham English 9 4 March 2016 Are mental disorders biological or environmental? For years the nurture versus nature debate has been argued by people around the world. Mental disorders are one of the main topics discussed among these people. Mental disorders apply to many mental health conditions that can affect someone’s emotions, logic, and attitude. AccordingRead MoreChild Development: Heredity and Environment1240 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween nature versus nurture or even environment versus heredity leads to the question of: does the direct environment or the nature surrounding an adolescent directly influence acts of delinquency, later progressing further into more radical crimes such as murder or psychotic manifestation, or is it directly linked to the hereditary traits and genes passed down from that individual adolescent’s biological parents? To answer this question one must first understand the difference between nature, nurtureRead MoreThe Effects Of Depression And Its Effects On Society1266 Words   |  6 Pagesages will be affec ted by depression? Depression is a mood disorder caused by an overwhelming feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It has a negative effect on how one goes through their day to day activities. Depression is more than just having a â€Å"bad day†, it is a serious mental disorder that can harm people’s lives. The causes of depression are widely ranged. The debate between if depression comes from a nature vs nurture environment is highly looked into. Depression is backed up and proven byRead MoreHuman Behavior: Nature vs. Nurture Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pageshave argued the Nature versus Nurture debate for decades. This debate is about the degree to which our environment and heredity, affects our behavior and developmental stages. According to this debate, nature can be described as, the behavior of a person is occurring because of their genetic makeup. Since the behavior of a person is due to their genetic makeup, then, it (nature) should also influence a person†™s growth and development for the duration of their life. However, the nurture side of the debateRead MoreTeen Depression : Genetics Or Situational Cause Word Count1379 Words   |  6 PagesTeen Depression: Genetics or Situational Cause Word count:1225 Does genetics or a child’s environment and surroundings have a greater impact on causing teen depression? â€Å"Rates of depression and anxiety among teenagers have increased by 70 per cent in the past 25 years† (Bedell 1). Teen depression, whether caused by the situation the teen is in, (getting a bad a grade, family relationships, and how they were raised), or it being genetics getting passed down to the teen from parents, depression isRead Moreï » ¿Are We Humans the Product of Nature or Nurture?761 Words   |  4 PagesAre we humans the product of nature or nurture? Nature is how much of your personality is genetic, what you were born with. Nurture is how much of your personality was caused because of your environment, how you were raised. So does nature or nurture contribute more to someones personality and behaviour? Or do they both play a role in shaping our lives? I hope to come to a conclusion with this debate in the end of my thesis. With nurturing, people tend to observe others actions and behaviourRead MoreD1- Analyse the Significance of Genetic Influences as Opposed to Social Factors in Human Development1669 Words   |  7 Pagesbe assessing the genetic and social factors on a person’s development; I will be using the David Reimer and few case studies of my own about twins. I will then come to my own conclusion of which one I think is the most important in each story nature or nurture. First of all David Reimer (then known as Bruce) was genetically born a boy however in 1966 his penis was destroyed by accident during a circumcision, his parents then took him to a psychologist and sexologists John Money. Money advised theRead MoreThe Nature And Nurture Debate : How The Four Areas Of Criminal Behavior?1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe Nature and Nurture debate, one of the oldest debates in the history of psychology, questions whether or not criminal behaviour is a result of the nature of a person, meaning something that lies in their genes causing a person to act in a certain way, or nurture, the environment, therefore criminal behaviour as a result of a person’s life experiences (Sincero, 2012). This essay shall look in depth and answer to how the four areas of criminal behaviour, which are biological, sociological, psychologicalRead MoreDavid Moore s On Nature Vs. Nurture1230 Words   |  5 PagesRyan Babakhani Anthropology 423 Christina Campbell October 9, 2017 David Moore’s Take on Nature vs. Nurture Traditionally, studies of various organisms have highlighted the importance of genetics as the main determinant of the traits and behaviors that characterize them. This goes back to the Darwinian Theory, which categorized beauty and glamour as results of â€Å"good† genes and the existence of evil and depression as consequences of â€Å"bad† genes. The idea that genes are the critical determining factor

Is Marriage Out of Style Free Essays

Research Essay Wendy Is marriage out of style? What is the most popular topic of girls? The answer to the question is â€Å"love and marriage†. It’s true. Almost all of girls hope Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Marriage Out of Style or any similar topic only for you Order Now Right would appear with â€Å"glass slipper† next second. As a girl, I have taken part in lots of talks about marriage with same-aged girls. However, my cousin is an exception. I had to listen to her â€Å"Single Theory† whenever I mentioned the imagination of marriage. She said, â€Å"Marriage is out of date. It will be not necessary anymore. † At that time, I was too young to distinguish whether she is right. As I grew up, I found that most people debate marriage from the following five aspects: Is marriage just a form of commitment? Would cohabitation replace it? Is marriage the tomb of love? Does it lead people to losing freedom? Whether marriage is still necessary as women have been more and more independent? To begin, as with women becoming more and more independent, many of them get the same idea as Caroline. On the BBC News, she says that women have been changing their values and increasing independence recently. They get their own jobs and have enough ability to support themselves; therefore, Caroline thinks it’s no need for women to get marriage. (Caroline, 1997). It seems true on this aspect, while I prefer Rich Rivers’ viewpoint. For the question â€Å"Do independent women need a permanent man or marriage† on the home page of Helium, he responds that a woman needs a man in her life to talk with and she â€Å"needs a shoulder to lean on and cry on† whether she is independent or not. (Rich Rivers, 2006). Personally speaking, becoming independent is a good thing; however, it doesn’t mean independent women don’t need marriage or stable life. Independence aside, freedom after marriage is also one of the issues people worry about, especially for men. According to James Walsh in his essay â€Å"Why People Don’t Want to Get Married†, he mentions that marriage kills freedom. You have to give up parties and report to your â€Å"spouse† that â€Å"where you are at a particular time and how long will it be before you reach home†. (James Walsh). Yes, marriage adds another person to your life and â€Å"places you a huge responsibility on your shoulders†; nevertheless, every coin has two sides. In Michael G. Lawer’s essay â€Å"Changing Catholic Models of Marriage†, he writes that spending time on your â€Å"spouse† can improve your â€Å"mutual relationship†. (Michael G. Lawler, 2001). You can share the happiness and sorrow with him or her, which lightens your burden. From this viewpoint, I don’t think marriage is the killer of freedom. Besides independence and freedom, both men and women believe marriage out of date because it is the grave of love. In Zhao Xu’s essay â€Å"Marriage is the Grave of Love†, he writes â€Å"Marriage is the manifestation of love when two people are just getting married, and it is a killer of love as well when they have got married. (Zhao Xu, 2009). I believe with no doubt until I saw PS SR Branch Welfare Services Group’s essay â€Å"Family Life Education Series-Why do we get married nowadays†. In this essay, it states that love exists between the two people all along. They feel dull because th ey completely â€Å"expose† themselves after marriage. (PS SR Branch Welfare Services Group). For my part, marriage just reflects people’s natural personalities, and makes life more realistic. It cannot be regarded as the grave of love. Cohabitation is also a thing that affects people’s viewpoint about marriage. Statistics supplied by Nation statistics shows that from 1996 to 2006, the proportion of marriage couple families decreased from 76 percent to 71 percent, while the cohabitating rate increased to 14 percent from 9 percent. (Nation statistics, 2007). Another statistics showed by Hewitt Belinda, â€Å"In Australia, the proportion of marriages preceded by cohabitation has risen from 30% in the 1980’s to around 75% in 2003. †(Hewitt Belinda, 2006). It seems that cohabitation may take the place of marriage in the future. On the contrary, in the essay of Po Bronson Ashley Merryman, Has Being Married Gone Out of Style, they point out that couple just cohabitate before they marriage; they will get marry ultimately. ( Po Bronson Ashley Merryman, 2006). As far as I’m concerned, cohabitating before marriage can lower the divorce rate. It indicates that cohabitation can be a step of marriage, but cannot replace it. The last thing is the commitment, which is ignored as the increasing rate of divorce. On the BBC News, Lissa Hynes says marriage is going out of fashion because it is just a form. Lisa Haynes, 1999). Deep down, I disagree with her statement, and support the superiority of the idea of Kelly Knowles. On the same home page of BBC News, she says that marriage means the â€Å"permanent relationship† and it declares your happy life to others. (Kelly Knowles, 1999). In my opinion, besides this, marriage is also the protection for each side of the couple. It’s not just a form. Afte r get so many ideas, have you already got a better perception about marriage? Well, I have. Everyone needs a stable marriage, and so do independent women. To some extent, an independent woman needs much more care from a man than others. Marriage doesn’t bind you; as long as you deal it properly, you’ll realize how wonderful marriage is. Marriage represents not only a form of commitment, but also an approach to show your happy life and a safeguard for your love. High divorce rate means people want to have high quality marriage rather than living together without love. Marriage doesn’t kill your love; it reflects the truth of love. It is a filter, and only the true love family can remain romance forever. By seeing this, you may ask â€Å"why don’t cohabitate†. Imagine you’re a parent. If your daughter fell in love with a guy who refuses to marry her, but just live with her, would you feel relieved to let them together? Absolutely not! Is cohabitation all right before marriage? Maybe, but your bottom line must be making sure that your daughter has a stable and happy marriage. As I mentioned before, cohabitation has good effect on marriage, but it cannot replace it. Indeed, different people have different opinions. It doesn’t matter if you still think marriage is not necessary anymore. Time and experience will tell you the truth. Do you remember my cousin who vows solemnly to be single? She has already got married and had a lovely baby. Isn’t it the most wonderful life? Marriage is destiny, and it won’t be out of style forever! References Caroline. (1997). BBC News. Retrieved April 1, 2009 from http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/talking_point/33312. stm Hewitt Belinda. (2006). ‘Trial Marriage’: Is premarital cohabitation an effective risk minimisation strategy for marriage breakdown? Retrieved April 11, 2009, from http://eprints. qut. edu. au/6134/1/Hewitt_FIN. pdf James Walsh. Why People Don’t Want to Get Married. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from http://www. rightarticle. com/Article/Why-People-Don-t-Want-to-Get-Married-/67388 Kelly Knowles. (1999). BBC News. Retrieved April 1, 2009, from http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/talking_point/452257. stm Lisa Haynes. (1997). BBC News. Retrieved April 1, 2009, from http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/talking_point/33312. stm Michael G. Lawler. (2001). Changing Catholic Models of Marriage. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from http://www. americamagazine. org/content/article. cfm? article_id=1796 Nation statistics. (2009). Overview of Families. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from http://www. statistics. gov. uk/cci/nugget. asp? id=1865 Po Bronson Ashley Merryman. (2006). Has Being Married Gone Out of Style. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from http://www. time. com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1547431,00. html? cnn=yes PS SR Branch Welfare Services Group. Family Life Education Series-Why do we get married nowadays. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from http://www. police. gov. hk/offbeat/849/eng/f01. htm Rich Rivers. Helium. Retrieved April 5, 2009, from http://www. helium. com/items/1412961-do-independent-women-need-a-permanent-man-or-marriage How to cite Is Marriage Out of Style, Papers

Diversity Awareness Essay Example For Students

Diversity Awareness Essay Diversity AwarenessBilly J. Dycus, Jr. Debra MooreSW 322September 29, 1999Differences in our society are many, including age, religion, physical andmental abilities, gender, sexual orientation, income, family or social status, andphysical appearance. Anyplace where differences are found leaves room forstereotypes. Stereotypes are generalizations about people usually based on inaccurateinformation or assumptions rather than facts. (Wei, 1996) Stereotypes do not takeinto account the great diversity of people within a group of people. Nor dostereotypes consider the present circumstances of the individual. Even worse,stereotypes can lead to prejudicial or discriminatory behavior. Most of the observations I made concerning my stereotypypical behaviorcircled around rich people, foreigners, and the elderly. All the reasons I havedeveloped generalizations for these groups are because of my limited contact withmembers of these groups. The first group that I have noticed I stereotype more than others are what Iconsider rich people. Ole Miss and Oxford has an over abundance of these peoplewhich has led me to distance myself even farther from them. I believe that all richpeople are arrogant and that they always look for ways to down people of a lowersocioeconomic status. I think most of these generalizations that I have concerningthis group evolve from my personal experiences with students at Ole Miss. I am from a family that struggles to make it week to week and cannot affordto help out with my college expenses. Ole Miss, from what I have observed, catersto the rich and provides no support for those not fortunate enough to labelthemselves as rich. I find it hard to relate to students that are fortunate enough tohave their parents pay for their living and schooling expenses. My generalizationsof this group come from the rich at Ole Miss because the majority of students thatcome from money are almost always in Greek l ife, drive cars nicer than those ofmyself or my family, wear nice clothes, and hang out in clich?s. My hometown isnothing like the Oxford community; almost everyone in my hometown works intrade industries which never allow one to live a lavish life. For every arrogant rich person there is a caring philanthropist that helpspeople like me and does not flaunt their money. Although the generalizations Ihave formed about rich people will be hard to disown, I think that they shoulddisappear with more contact with members of this group. (Husain, 1996) I alsobelieve that once I graduate from college and become acquainted with rich peopleoutside of Oxford, I will form new opinions of them. The second group that I often stereotype are the Asian students at Ole Miss. It seems that wherever you go around campus you never see them with people ofdifferent ethnic backgrounds. I often see them as antisocial individuals that spendall their time in the library. I have not been around many Asians and how Iperceive them is through the few that attend Ole Miss. I believe that culture has a lot to do with why I formed the generalizationsof Asians. The media often notes that Asians are academically superior toAmericans. Members of the Anglo and African American ethnic groups oftenagree that Asians are less than we are to try to gain stature upon one group. I alsonoted that whenever I went to work, went out, or went to church that there werenever any Asians to be found. However, whenever you enter the Ole Miss campusor the library you can find them everywhere. Being that I am a college student, thecollege can be viewed as part of my culture. .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 , .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 .postImageUrl , .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 , .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1:hover , .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1:visited , .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1:active { border:0!important; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1:active , .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1 .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u468ffcbf2a9623e5dac632bf912740f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Mother poem EssayThere are many Asians that enjoy life outside of academia and carry ownsocial lives with people outside their ethnicity. (Cort?s, 1979) The limitedpopulation of Asians at Ole Miss only leads to broad generalizations of this groupbecause there is no chance of interaction in my hometown. There are also Asiansthat struggle through college much like there are Americans that struggle throughcollege. The third group that I notice I generalize is elderly people. I have hadlimited contact with members of this group due to the way America looks at itselderly. My generalizations of this group include a lot of generalizations that mayother Americans hold. I look at elderly as being old and not capable of performingin a constructive manner. I generalize them all to be living off the Social Securitythat I have paid in. I also think that they all just ramble about insignificantthoughts. Many elderly are very capable of performing in many aspects of life. Thereare many elderly that work, travel, and engage in serious talk. Many elderly alsohave valuable knowledge that they have acquired throughout their life. The mediaagain plays a part in the generalizations that I hold about elderly. Generalizations are often times based upon ignorance about a certain groupof people based on limited exposure, heresy, media, and various other sources. Ithink that as long as there are people of different backgrounds, there will bestereotypes and generalizations. By evaluating the reasons an individual holdsthese beliefs about others, researchers can find ways to teach people about variousgroups. I think that if I were to work in a field such as social work, I would have themost trouble working with individuals with the AIDS virus. I do not feel that Iharbor any negative generalizations towards AIDS patients as a whole; however,the terminality of a life with AIDS does scare me. Researching the topic of AIDShas prompted me to believe that AIDS will touch the professional lives of almostall social workers before they retire. (Shernoff, 1990)The number of cumulative AIDS cases in the United States alone by the endof 1989 was estimated to exceed 100,000, and, by the end of 1991, between300,000 to 400,000. It is estimated that there are more than 1.5 million people inthe United States infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Heyward Curran, 1989), and this number is still growing. Whole families of intravenousdrug users are becoming infected and dying (Leery, 1989; Williams, 1989);orphaned children with AIDS languish in inner-city hospitals; gay men die; elderlyparents gr ieve for sons, daughters, grandsons, and granddaughters; and agencystaffs are immobilized by the illness of a social work colleague repeatedlyhospitalized for one opportunistic infection after another. No setting in any regionof the United States will be spared by the pandemic of AIDS that will continueinto the next century, according to all the best estimates. I think the best way to tackle the issues of working with an AIDS patientinvolves resolving my own conflicts. The fact that AIDS is a terminal disease isprobably the biggest reason I would have a problem working with theseindividuals. Death in itself is a topic that I do not like to ponder and I must cometo terms with this if I want to work in any field that involves social counseling. Ialso believe the risk of getting AIDS is a chance I would not like to take no matterhow small the chances are. I do not think literature would help me overcome thisconflict. I believe that if I come to terms with the aspects of death and dying then Iwould be able to better work with this group. Sociology Essays

Rock Roots Essays - African-American Music, Music Of Cuba

Rock Roots Rock Roots: Africa and Cuba - a synthesis between 2 traditions & 2 continents to form rock - rock is the unique tribute to the power of integration - upon closer inspection, rock appears to be a purely African addition to the western musical institution - Afro-Cuban + black music of Mississippi and Louisiana share common ancestry: in the early 19th C. the Haitan revolution sent the islands plantation owners packing. Many managed to escape with their African slaves , whose origins were primarily from Yoruba + Fon, modern Nigeria, Congo and Guinea. Most of these slaves ended up in either Cuba, found in the Oriente province or in the southern United States, pricipally in LA but also spreading into MS. - from Africa, these black slaves brought a strong oral music tradition of storytelling, recreation, work and tragedy. - used the call-and-response method (eg. Ray Charles Whatd I Say) - ask the Cubans where their music comes from and many point to the mountanous, jungle-lush Oriente province in the fart south of Cuba - the heartland of where the islands African religeous + musical survivals are. - during the 19th C. African rythmic structures filtered out of the Orientes countryside into the popular dance halls of its capital, Santiago-de-Cuba. From there the new music - African polyrythms underlying spanish guitar styles and stanza forms all using the call-and-response - spread to Havana. This style is called son. - when a Cuban is asked if this son business was anything like a-wop-bop-a-lu- bop-a-lop-bam-boom, the Cuban will counter, or like boogie (John Lee Hooker) - what is known as clave music in Cuba is the same as the Bo Diddley Beat - by the 1920's Havana was rocking to sons bass-heavy riffs - the most characteristic bas pattern was a 3-note figure, identical to the bass parts on mid-50's rocknroll hits like Elvis Lawdy Muiss Clawdy and Fats Dominos Bluberry Hill - only in Cuban + black American music do you find a heavy emphasis on the back- beat, the 2+4. Everything else, from calypso to to samba to reggae, is accented on the 1 + 3. The reitoration of Am. Music toward the 1 - acenting the first beat of every measure - is a recent development, stemming from the funk and soul of the 60s/ 70s. -* Afro/Cuban trditions reveal the fundamental riffs, licks, bass-figures and drum rythms that made RnR -* Mississippi Delta the home of rock -* the same way that Cuba is the MS Delta of the Americas. - The MS delta gave birth to a great # of performers who made a name for themselves in their hometowns and later after they moved to Chicago, New Orleans + Memphis. Among them are: Son House, Robert Johnson, Muddy Waters, Howlin Wolf, Elmore James + John Lee Hooker [*SHOW BLUES BROTHERS*] - the blues from the delta created the driving force behind all of rock - although blacks + whites were were kept separate, a few pioneering musicians united in Americas urban centers (of Chicago, Memphis and New Orleans) + rural South. For them the barriers of racism were artificial. [*SLIDE OF DANCE HALL] - Chuck Berry performed at white dance halls, and took a white rockabilly song, Ida Red and molded it into Mabelline - Elvis emulated black bluesmen who performed in his hometown of Memphis. He acted + sung like a black man, challenging the forces of racism w/his every move, literally [*SHOW SLIDE OF ELVIS / RACISM POSTER*] - success of Elvis helped pave the way for black bluesmen + artists alike who otherwise wouldnt have been welcome in mainstream America - blacks gave Rock its rhythm and whites gave it its musical form/ package/ looks Music Essays

Trust in Charismatic leadership Essays

Trust in Charismatic leadership Essays Trust in Charismatic leadership Essay Trust in Charismatic leadership Essay According to Yukl (2006), trust is very important component in charismatic leaders. The charisma inspires trust and confidence from followers to the leader and makes the leader seem extraordinary and wise. Kamila is a person whom inspires trust and wisdom as a result other people ask for her advice very often. For example, when some of her friends want to start some new project they usually call her to discuss it and get her opinion. She is always willing to motivate and help others when they need it and she is concerned not only with personal goals but followers as well. As she always tells me, she believes in team work and knows that big things cannot be achieved by a single person. As she often says: When people are together they can achieve anything they want. I personally trust Kamila due to the fact that she will never let down those who trust her and believe in her. Knowing that she is charismatic and the confidence she shows when she talks makes me feel that everything is attainable and that I can follow her in anything she does without asking extra details. Unlike non-charismatic leaders, Kamila can make others willing to work harder to achieve high results by motivating them in various ways (i. e. by telling stories and using strong emotional metaphors). When I pass through some difficulties or problems she begins talking about a similar situation where she was in my position and explaining what she did to overcome it. While talking she is highlighting the points in where I have to act in the same way and she concludes that after any problems people always learn something and become better. While listening to her inspirational words I become positive and forget immediately about any problems. Houses indicators of charisma: House (1977) was another researcher to conduct his own theory of charismatic leadership. Houses research has derived some indicators of charisma which I can easily associate with my charismatic friend. He concluded that followers are willing to obey the charismatic leader because they perceive the leaders beliefs as correct. When we are in a company of common friends discussing or working with Kamila in the same project, I know that her opinion will be the correct one as she inspires confidence to me and other people. That is why I often wait for her opinion and agree with her even if someone else is not. Moreover, I can see that people are getting emotionally involved when she speaks and that they feel affection towards her. People are always willing to listen to Kamila and in most cases they agree with everything she says. Finally, it is worth saying that by inspiring high performance goals to followers, she makes them believe that they can contribute to the success of the mission and they work harder. In contrast to the theory of Conger and Canugo (1987) the extraordinary ability of the leader is not necessary. The Self-Concept theory of charismatic leadership talks about the leaders traits and behaviors. I will now describe them through my personal perspective from my experience with a charismatic leader. Kamila is a person who expresses a high need for power. This does not necessarily mean that she can only exist in the highest level of an organization but it demonstrates a need to control her own future and to be able to make her own choices. As she described to me, in order to do something which is not led by her she must be motivated and inspired, otherwise she is not willing to work hard. Kamila possesses a strong conviction in her own beliefs and ideals and this makes her confident that she can achieve everything she wants to. According to what she once told me, her core motivation in life is to make her name famous to the world. This is the main reason why she is currently doing many things at the same time (involvement in several societies at university and organizing charity events with me and other team members apart from studies). As she often says: The easiest thing in university is to study only and not be doing anything to prove your abilities to the world. The above statements made me conclude that achievement and recognition are Kamilas primary sources of motivation. Lastly, I can say that Kamila exerted some sort of influence on me; which is the reason why we work with a common mission and why I got inspired to improve myself and do something that the world can be proud of me. I will now move on and describe how leaders influence followers.

Creation Paper

Creation Paper Creation Paper Creation Paper: Develop Your Creative Skills There may be different situations when you have to write a creation paper as well as there may be different kinds of creation papers. But the main issue you should understand is the purpose of such papers. If you get the point, it will be easier for you to write a creation paper. Purpose of Creation Paper Writing Actually, creative writing is a special kind of writing. Creation papers are called not to convince, argue, prove or research but to develop an idea, first of all. A creation paper is personal writing. That means that you should express your own ideas, thoughts and emotions concerning a certain issue in such a paper. Thus, all that you need in writing of such a paper is your thinking and creative skills the ability to ponder a problem and generate ideas. Process of Writing Interesting Creation Paper So, you have a topic that you are going to write your creation paper on and you have something to say about this topic. What s hould you do? Lets try to point out the main steps that you should take in order to join all your ideas about a topic into a good creation paper!Put down all the ideas that come to your mind. Do not be afraid if you have got a chaotic picture. You are working at a paper draft. So, it is quite usual! Point the main idea that you would like to develop in your creation paper. All other ideas should be bound with the main one and support it. Make an outline on the basis of your notes. Do not forget your creation paper like any other kind of writing should be well-organized. So, split it into several interrelated parts. As a rule, they are introduction, main body and conclusion. Write your paper keeping in mind your outline. Secrets of Successful Creation Paper When writing your creation paper pay attention to the following:Any paper should grab the interest of the reader. Otherwise, what is it written for? You should catch the interest of your reader from the very begi nning. So, make the introduction of your paper as interest as possible. You may use questions or some exclamatory phrases, it is up to you! Of course, you put forward no theories, suggest no arguments and make no research in your creation paper. But it also should have some logical ending. So, there should be a final part containing 1 or 2 sentences that will summarize your writing. Creation paper is a unique kind of writing. It may not meet all the requirements of the academic writing. But there are some aspects that you should pay your attention to. First of all, it concerns grammar, punctuation and spelling. So, try to avoid any mistakes while writing. Thus, keeping in mind this information will help you in writing your creation paper.

Week 6 disc Tchaikovsky Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 6 disc Tchaikovsky - Assignment Example Apart from the sound of the fire cannons, there are also sounds of what appears to be fireworks, usually used to exhibit a celebratory mood. Probably one of the reasons why Tchaikovsky’s compositions have continued in popularity in the contemporary society is that is it portrays the themes of war that were experienced in the early 1800’s: His compositions i.e. the 1812 Overture exhibits both sadness and joy that were associated with the war. Perhaps, his compositions have continued to gain popularity owing to the fact that they remind the contemporary populace the history of war. Currently, â€Å"Only in America†, a song that was composed by Brooks and Dunn in 2004, just before the 9/11 terrorist attack, has been considered one of the most nationalistic and patriotic songs in the contemporary world. Its popularity can also be attributed to the fact that it was used during the re-election of George W. Bush during this

Homeless English Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Homeless English - Research Paper Example There are individuals who absolutely cherish the idea of being homeless because they are able to fulfill their obligations through the helping hand of the society. However, this is a very wrong approach that has been taken on by these individuals who would not like to make their way through the tough times and be completely reliant on the donors and organizations which would give them shelter, food and clothing – their most basic needs in essence. Being homeless in the tough times of today is such a severe problem that it is hard to ascertain a remedy for this problem. What is even worse is the fact that being homeless is not something that one does or chooses by choice. It just happens in the nick of things and brings on more trouble for the people who do not have a shelter to live under. Hence being homeless is a stigma that has been attached with individuals who are not that affluent and have a tough time making both ends meet. It also creates issues of joblessness, poverty and health related concerns which are raised time and again. What is even sickening to know is the fact that the state of homelessness brings with it problems of expounding proportions. These problems do not just remain attached with the poverty domains yet are engulfed with more grave concerns, most of which are related with the ways and means under which people stop becoming mature and are shelved into a box from where they cannot escape (Khan, 2010). They simply let go off the feeling of thinking in a better way for their own selves, and this results in their complete subjugation of activities and tasks which they ought to do time and again (Gudauskas, 1999). One must remember that homelessness is not a sin, yet it is a circumstantial happening which comes about when there are problems which an individual cannot face up to and hence becomes a part of the unwanted picture that has developed with the advent of time. Some estimates suggest that around 200,000 to 500,000 Americans l ive without a permanent shelter. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development quoted more than 600,000 sheltered and unsheltered homeless individuals within America, as of January 2009 figures. Moreover, approximately 1.56 million people were making use of an emergency shelter or even a transitional housing program between October 2008 and September 2009. For some, homeless becomes a blessing in disguise. This is because they believe homelessness gives them a sense of being unattached with the responsibilities that they would have to take had they owned a house. They are therefore dependent on the state and its people for their shelter needs. Similarly, they have gone one step ahead and relied on their food and clothing regimes as well. The need is to establish their psyche more than anything else. This is the reason why they are living in an age of destitute where they have just about nothing with them yet they are undertaking minimal efforts to make do with the changing time s. These are important considerations which need to be understood and which shall pave the way for future growth and development regimes of such individuals. The society therefore takes the brunt of such individuals who do not want to do anything yet remain at the behest of the people at large. The state has therefore

World Religions Report Essay Example for Free

World Religions Report Essay In this paper I will be discussing what I learned about Christianity and Islamic faiths. How that even though these two religions have differences that they have core similarities and history that show that they have more in common than they do not have in common. I will discuss my interview at a Christian church and what I learned from it. Then I will discuss how much all the religions I have studied in this class have in common. Touching on their philosophies, beliefs, virtues and traditions and any areas that show areas they have in common. The Interview was held at The Rock Church in San Bernardino, California. Their church is huge more like a mini stadium in doors version. Clean well lit and very modern. They have a stage in the church where they hold their services. Where smoke and stage lights light up the stage area when music is performed with a live modern day Christian rock band. Everyone was very nice, energetic and positive. During my interview with Pastor Jim I learned that the basic beliefs are; belief in one God, the trinity which is God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. That Jesus Christ was born and suffered and died for our sins so we may enter into heaven. That the bible is the word of God that we are to love one another as we love God as we love ourselves, to care for one another as well. That people are born with sin so we need to be baptized to be washed of sin. That we all have a relationship with Christ every day is about honoring him. The rules are simply to obey the ten commandments, the word from the bible, to love one another, care for each other, That relationships with the same gender is a sin, You can only be married in a church once, couples to be married must be of the same faith and must take classes first, No praying to the saints, sins can be forgiven with repenting but no confessions to a human being. All sins can be forgiven except for mortal sins such as murder and not believing in the Holy Spirit. Mortal sins can be washed once you become saved or born again which means becoming a  Christian. The traditions of the Christi an faith are keeping the Holidays, doing ministries locally or elsewhere. The practices are to practice their beliefs and rules, to teach and spread the message of Jesus, attending services each Sunday, love others even the sinner. Baptisms are for children and adults but infants are dedicated to God and of course keeping all traditions. They have bible teachings for all age groups and even a college. They teach about the traditions, practices, rules, history, about missionary work. As far as the afterlife they believe that if you have repented your sins prior to death, led a good life, pure in heart that you will have eternal life in heaven with God. The history that is taught is from the bible both new and old testaments. The holidays they have are: Ash Wednesday the beginning of lent, Good Friday the day Jesus died, Easter Sunday the day Jesus was resurrected, Pentecost the day the Holy spirit came to the disciple after Jesus died, The Transfiguration and Assumption the day Mary mother of Jesus was taken into heaven, Christmas the day Jesus was born and Epiphany also known as Wise Man’s day the day the three wise men brought gifts to baby Jesus. They have Pastors who give the services which can be either men or woman. When I asked what their main difference was with Catholics and Pastor Jim said the main difference is that Christians do not pray to the saints and have some different traditions such as baptism is done only when the person can consent otherwise they dedicate to God and they don’t do confessions to man. Confessions are done between the person and God through pray. Islam and Christianity from the start have many things in common even from the area of the world where they both originated from, Christianity Egypt (P. 285-287) and Islam Egypt, Arabia (P. 397) They both believe in the old testament (P.285 P 371) and the different historical figures such as Abraham and Moses. Both trace their ancestry to the patriarch Abraham and believe in Adam and eve. They both believe in Jesus however Christians believe Jesus is the son of God whereas Islam faith believes that Jesus was a very great prophet. (P373) Both r eligions believe there is only one God, who is the creator of everything. (P. 309 385) Both believe in an afterlife Islam calls paradise and Christians call Heaven. Islam believes that non-believers and evil-doers ultimately experience great misfortune in this life or the afterlife. (P. 376) Christians believe that through repenting and baptism there is an afterlife  in heaven with God. (P. 321) Both believe in the message of Jesus being correct and good. (P.285 373) The Islam philosophy or ethics are that God should be remembered and brought into every aspect of daily life, injunctions against drinking intoxicating beverages, eating certain meats including pork, rodents, predatory animals, certain birds, and improperly slaughtered animals, gambling and vain sports, sexual relations outside of marriage, and sexually provocative dress, talk, or actions. Positive things such as commanding justice, kindness, and charity. They are to exercise justice and honesty in their relationships and business interactions, to manage their wealth carefully, and to avoid arrogance. (P.380) Whereas Christians believe similar things such as kindness, and charity and honesty. (P. 350) To treat others as Jesus would model oneself after Jesus. (P. 334) Islam also believes in kindness as their prophet Muhammad showed kindness and compassion to others. Islam has the five pillars which are Belief and witness which is the belief of one God and the telling others of him and his message, Daily prayers where they pray five times a day, Zakat where they give a percent of their earnings away to less fortunate people, Fasting during Ramadan, and Hajj where they make a pilgrimage to Mecca the holy land. (p. 370-382) Christians Have lent which is their season where they give up something and on Fridays they don’t eat meat except fish which is similar to the Islam fasting during Ramadan, Christians also believe in one God and the telling or spreading of the word as they call it which is the message of Christ, contemplation and prayer, giving up the pleasures of the material world for the sake of loving and serving God, and belief in Missionaries of Charity. (P. 306, 326 336) It would seem that their basic messages of love kindness are t he same. Islam believe and follow the word from their text known as the Qur’an, the believe that the Shari’ah is the sacred law of Islam. (P.371 380) whereas the Christians text is the Bible (P.285) Both of which have are written based off the important historically figures of their faiths. Muhammad’s life story is important to Muslims, for his character is considered a model of the teachings in the Qur’an and because his words are the words of God. Muhammad is the founder of Islam. (P. 366 393) Jesus was equally as important to Christians because he taught them how to treat each other as Muhammad did and also was a role model for what he preached plus Jesus is believed to have been God  present in a human life, walking among them. Jesus’s words are also believed to be the word of God. He is also considered the founder of Christianity. (P. 286 303) We have discussed the five pillars of Islam which are also the practices of Islam faith. (p.382) With Christians the rituals and practices are: baptism for forgiveness of sins, worship on Sabbath in churches, the holidays which are lent, good Friday, Easter Sunday, Pentecost, the Transfiguration and Assumption, devotion to Mary and the saints, and Christmas. (P309, 335-342) other rituals are prayer, celebrations of the liturgical year, Holy Communion or Holy Eucharist, Confirmation ceremony. (P. 335-339) One of the biggest events of the Christian faith is the life and death of Jesus which was what help strengthen the Christian faith, other events are c.50–60 St. Paul organizes early Christians, 1095–1300 The Crusades, 1054 Split between Western and Eastern Orthodox Church. (P. 298-312) For Islam a big event was the life and death of Muhammad, The Ka’bah built by Abraham, Muhammad Ishmael, The first three caliphs, Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman, election of Abu Bakr as first caliph. (P.370) The following are; ethics, philosophies, practices, traditions or virtues from each of the religions we have studied. You can see that they have many things in common. Judaism: Love your fellow as yourself and ethical guidelines such as the Ten Commandments, laws concerning all aspects of life, such as land ownership, civil and criminal procedure, family law, sacred observances, diet, and ritual slaughter. Idolatry the worshipping of many gods or images of God, blasphemy against God, murder, theft, sexual behaviors outside of marriage, and cruelty to animals are all prohibited (P. 264) Hinduism: As we love God, God loves us. (P. 82) love and devotion, Dharma, often translated as religion, encompasses duty, natural law, social, ethics, health, and transcendental realization. Dharma is a holistic approach to social coherence and the good of all, corresponding to order in the cosmos. (P. 69) ethical principles are non-violence, not to steal, continence, and non-covetousness, plus cleanliness, contentment, self-study, and devotion to God. (P. 78) primary ethic: that the happiness of others is essential to one’s own happiness. This consideration of others before oneself is a central dharmic virtue. (P. 91) Buddhism: Logic, meditation, cosmology, psychology, and monastic life. (P.168) The use of prayer and fasting. (P. 154) The reason that desire leads  us to suffering, so one should relinquish thoughts of fame or fortune, let go of vanity. (P. 135) One lives happily and fully in the present moment, free from self-centeredness and full of compassion for others. One can serve them purely, for in this state there is no thought of oneself. Not to talk in a way that shows you are vain, divisive speech, or use harsh words. Avoid destroying life, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, gossiping, and intoxicants. Beyond these, we are to base our actions on clear understanding. (P.137) Confucianism: Honor and respect one’s parents (P. 196) ethics such as humanity, trustworthiness, sincerity, and altruism. (P.202) encourages becoming a responsible member of one’s family and of the community and having a sense of voluntary service to the community. (P.204) innate goodness, love, benevolence, perfect virtue, humaneness, and human-heartedness, unselfish public service, human kindness. (P.195) Daoism: Simple life in harmony with nature having great mental and physical discipline (P. 180- 181) the dead is paid proper respect so that ancestors will help their descendants (P. 177) respectful ceremonies for the highest heavenly beings are done. (P. 179) practical concern with improving harmony in life. (P.181) Both Daoism and Buddhism emphasize the ever-changing nature of things in the cosmos. (P. 193) Meditation is at the base of the Daoism. (P.181) Islam have injunctions against drinking intoxicating beverages, eating certain meats (including pork, rodents, predatory animals, certain birds, and improperly slaughtered animals), gambling and vain sports, sexual relations outside of marriage, and sexually provocative dress, talk, or actions. God should be remembered and brought into every aspect of daily life. Positive things such as commanding justice, kindness, and charity. They are to exercise justice and honesty in their relationships and business interactions, to manage their wealth carefully, and to avoid arrogance. (P.380) Christians believe in missionary work, treated others as they want to be treated, one God, the ten commandments which basically say not to do many of the same things the other religions are against as well such as not to lie, steal, kill, vanity, to honor your parents, (P.294) To pay more attention to the life of the spirit than to physical comfort and wealth (P. 291) each religion has ethical and moral beliefs to keep their society morally correct and on the right path. All believe in a form of prayer or meditation, basic golden rules or ten  commandments or Li or however each religion likes to call them but at the core they are the same. Not hurt others, pure body, minds, and souls. Teachings of being responsible, doing public services, missionary work, and to be humble not prideful, to have compassion and humility, to not concern oneself with earthly possessions or fame to concentrate on the spiritual life. Modesty rules or beliefs they all seem to have that in common as well along with not being cruel to animals, or put toxins in the body. I have learned many things about all the different world religions and even though they may differ on whether Jesus was the son of God, or what holidays to celebrate, details about how, when or where to worship, the core of each is to try to become a better person whether that means finding enlightenment, becoming a better Christian, following the Qur’an or whatever words to describe it are used the basic message of treating others as you would yourself, being honesty, trustworthy, kind, compassionate, loving, humble, charitable, and remember what is truly important the spiritual life not possessions or anything that feeds the ego. Those are the same in any religion or faith. I have come to realize that Islam and Christians are very much alike it seems that where the split began is on whether or not Jesus is the son of God because both see him as delivering the word of God and both agree with the message he gave. Respect the differences and recognize how many similarities there are. The interview showed a very positive modern high energy side to Christianity that I did not know of before. They are very modern with their missions to help get the word out and even have live services on the web. They offer so many different kinds of missionary services and do these missionaries all over the world as well as locally. References: Fisher, M.P. (2005). Living Religions (6th Ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Lecture on Christianity; Laura Templeman Lecture on Islam; Laura Templeman Pastor Jim

Animal Experimentation :: Ethical Issues, Persuasive

Animal experimentation is a controversial topic and may what to stop the use of animal in experiments. Experimenting with animals helps save human life but innocents animal pay the consequences. The "pro" and "con" positions on animal experimentation have proven suitable for stating extreme opinions, but unhelpful at exploring the broader ethical questions of animal based research (Wolff, 2009). Human and animals are very similar, for scientific is easy to use animals to find cures for humans decease. It difficult to scarified innocent animals but those animals help human to continue living. While there are multiple accusations of animal cruelty, few people actually witness the inner workings of a research lab and multiple regulations prevent animal cruelty, but animal research still continues to cause pain (Wolff, 2009). The use of animals in experiment is fundamental for human descendent. Many Humans are absolutely positive that scientific should experiment with animals to save humans life. Because there are so many similarities between human and animal physiology, experimentation has allowed scientists to discover new treatments for diseases and guarantee the safety of new drugs (Foundation for Biomedical Research, 2009). Experiment with animals is necessary because without the animals scientific are not able to find cure disease. Animal investigation has offered the source for several medical innovations, including vaccines, organ transplants, and pacemakers (Foundation for Biomedical Research, 2009). In this world are many diseases that did not have a cure but there are other diseases that have it and those cures were found with the help of the animals experimentations. â€Å"In 2006, infant mortality in the USA—a key indicator of the nation's health—was measured at fewer than seven deaths per 1,000 live births compared to 47 deaths per 1,000 live bi rths in 1940, much of this progress came from knowledge gained through animal research, many diseases that once killed millions of people every year are now either preventable, treatable or have been eradicated altogether, immunizations against polio, diphtheria, mumps, rubella and hepatitis have saved countless lives, and without animal research, these vaccines would not exist (Foundation for Biomedical Research, 2009).† Also, experiments on animals are necessary in order to safeguard and improve human health and well-being, and vaccines for diseases such as polio and malaria could not have been developed without animal testing, Cohen explains (Cohen, 2005). Animals are crucial for finding cure for those Children and adults that need an opportunity to continue living. â€Å"This true story, close to us in time and place, is widely known.

How Dickens, Hardy and Roy did use endings in their works

â€Å"I work hard for a sufficient living, and therefore yes, I do well† comes at the close of Dickens' â€Å"Great Expectations†, and reveals a latent redemption of Pip's previous condemnation that â€Å"the universal struggle† had caused him to be unashamedly â€Å"disgusted with his calling and his life†. This feature of Dickens' novel's ending allies with the consolidation of the trains of imagery that he seeks to define, alongside the question of the original ending and how it varies the tone of the novel. Roy's â€Å"The God of Small Things† features an ending that paradoxically falls into the line of a non-linear perspective, creating a â€Å"sicksweet† atmosphere which she seeks to both personalise and universalise- allowing her to use ending to also extend along trains of imagery. Finally Hardy's own endings both take on a literal quality with the diminuendo nature of both â€Å"The Voice† and â€Å"At An Inn†, but the concept of ending as a metaphorical representation of death also comes across, â€Å"Your Last Drive† being a prevalent example. Hardy's use of ending in his work takes on a multi-dimensional significance in a literal and figurative sense, as he addresses both the close of a poem, and the closing of life. â€Å"The Voice† closes with the image of â€Å"wind oozing from norward† and the bitter indictment of, â€Å"And the woman, calling†. This is in great contrast to the opening of the poem, with its lyrical effervescence of â€Å"Woman much missed how you call to me, call to me/Saying that now you are not as you were†, as the structurally rich lines of enjambment and romanticised passion contrast with the impersonal, antagonised end. This reveals the idea of the poem having a diminuendo quality, as Hardy uses his ending, and its contrast to the opening, to successfully reflect the depreciation in his relationship that he saw, the depreciation of the colourful â€Å"air blue gown† to the neologistically bleak â€Å"wan wistlessness†. This diminuendo idea also features in â€Å"At An Inn†, as it flows from an opening of promise, of â€Å"bliss like theirs/That would flush our day†, as enjambment highlights the depth of bliss that is crucially perceived, rather than physical. This is highlighted through Hardy's ending, of what he sees as the charade of â€Å"love-light†, to the point that he equates this lack of love with that of death, appealing to the omnipotent â€Å"laws of men† that so often pervade his work to â€Å"once let us stand/As we did then†, as if reality is in fact worse than the awful past. This superlative of negativity highlights how Hardy uses ending to exemplify his own reality. However, the concept of ending with Hardy can also take on a much wider significance, and the endings of these wider explorations of â€Å"the end† in death and time seek to define Hardy's views on these wider subjects. â€Å"Your Last Drive† sees him attempting to demystify his own role, or lack of it, in Emma's death, and it closes with the monosyllabic â€Å"You are past love, praise, indifference, blame†, with this ambiguous ending leading to varied interpretations on Hardy's opinion of death. It could be a simple dismissal of death, that he sees these words that he writes for her â€Å"praises† and her â€Å"countenance† as now worthless, but this is not the only plausible interpretation. It could represent a latent resentment of the dead, as if they are fortunate to be granted a blissful release from the emotion, from the â€Å"praises† and from the â€Å"countenance† that Hardy must still talk and write of, as if to be â€Å"Past love, praise, indifference, blame† is in fact a form of literary and metaphorical redemption, rather than the cursed end that it is traditionally seen to be. Therefore Hardy can also be seen to use ending to explore greater issues, to not merely close the boundaries of his poems and conventions but to extend them, to discuss universal ideas of â€Å"the end† and to thereby present his own interpretations. The idea of both personal and universal closure is one that is also seen in Roy's novel â€Å"The God of Small Things†, also leaving ideas open to interpretation, unlike a traditional â€Å"end†. The close of the novel falls upon Ammu, as â€Å"she turned to say it again. Naaley†. Tomorrow†. This reveals how Roy attempts to first personalise the close through the use of Malayalam, by consolidating Ammu and Velutha's love that is shared amongst the â€Å"mangosteen tree†, â€Å"the jet streaks on a church blue sky† and â€Å"the love laws†, and then to universalise the message of the novel to the reader with the English â€Å"Tomorrow†, just as she did at the end of the opening , referencing both â€Å"when the love laws were laid down† and also the â€Å"hopelessly practical world† of 1969. This idea of consolidating on a personal and universal scale is also made relevant through Roy's use of the trains of imagery that are relevant throughout the book. For example â€Å"Ammu's Road† now has â€Å"a small sunny meadow†, unlike its previous emptiness, its â€Å"wilder sort of walk†. She also references the all encompassing nature of â€Å"The Terror†, showing how even at the end of a narrative, pervading images can still hold a powerful sway, even in this case, against an unconventionally non-linear narrative. This could represent the power of these images over â€Å"the scurry of small lives† that the novel represents, or possibly that these images are in fact â€Å"the small things† that seep into the novel, just as for example the death of Sophie Mol â€Å"hid in books and food†. The fact that the narrative of â€Å"The God of Small Things† is non-linear possesses great significance to the ending in other aspects as well- it leads to the ideas of where the ending truly is, how the use of placement of ending affects the tone of the novel. The chosen ending could be said to give the novel a tone that it reinforces itself- it is â€Å"sicksweet†. This is backed up by the superficial perceived positivity of â€Å"tomorrow†, as although the ending would seem to possess hope for the future, the non-linear narrative shatters this hope, as the reader knows that Ammu and Velutha's tomorrow will be one of â€Å"smashed smiles† and â€Å"a lucky leaf that wasn't lucky enough†. This relates to Roy using her ending to create a desired tone, as well as using the concept of foreshadowing to a greater extent than it is conventionally employed- it creates an atmosphere of the â€Å"sicksweet† closing chapter is not the true end, that in reality the end is Rahel and Estha's prior â€Å"consummation of hideous grief†, and that Roy's physical ending is not the physical ending to the story. This however is challenged by the chapter's title, â€Å"The Cost of Living†, as â€Å"the smashed smiles that lay ahead of them† are almost taken out of their narrative context, that the ending is more a personal ending for Ammu and Velutha as their own closure and that the final universalisation is actually seeking to challenge the shattered hope, just as Ammu and Velutha challenge the love laws. Therefore Roy also uses ending to tie up her thematic influences, and to embellish the structure and tone of the novel in a way that is multi-faceted, addressing personal and universal issues. Dicken's â€Å"Great Expectations† also has an ending that addresses characters' personal issues and also thematic questions. He uses his ending to seemingly resolve Pip's issues with Estella, â€Å"I saw no shadow of another parting from her†, but this also resolves a thematic issue of Pip's continued naivety over the subject of Estella. This naivety extends back through his knowledge that his â€Å"star† is in fact born to the lowest of the low, a murderess and a convict, and that despite his vow â€Å"never to cry for her again† after an early encounter at Satis House, the interior ending of the narrative, his perspective aided by hindsight that closes childlike aspersions as they come, states that â€Å"never was a bigger lie ever told†. This leads to the close of the novel almost forcing the reader to take on the role of this secondary perspective for Pip, and realising for them self but not for him, as there is no longer the boundary between the two perspectives- Dickens consolidates these ideas through a consistent narrative trend, as Roy does with imagery in â€Å"The God Of Small Things†. However, the ending also challenges consistency- Estella is seen to progress from the influential desire of Miss Havisham to â€Å"break their hearts† to â€Å"understand what (Pip's) heart used to be†, and that Pip has progressed from knowing â€Å"I was ashamed of (Joe)† and being â€Å"disgusted with (his) calling and (his) life† to knowing that it is not a crime to say â€Å"I work hard for a sufficient living and therefore yes, I do well†. This opposition in partial knowledge leads to the ending being used as a sort of catharsis for Pip, as â€Å"the mists rise† once again they do so for him, in his own mind, positively, despite the ironic knowledge of the reader that this is in fact a naive trend- similar once again to Roy's use of ending in â€Å"The God of Small Things†. Therefore Dickens uses ending to consolidate theme, but also to include uncertainty that both remains consistent with and challenges previous narrative events, deepening the final meaning of the narrative. However, Dickens' ending and its use are questionable in a similar way to Roy's due to the presence of alternate perspective. However, unlike in Roy's ending it is not who the ending involves but its construction, as â€Å"Great Expectations† has its own, alternative ending. The original ending speaks of Estella and Pip merely â€Å"looking upon each other sadly†, as opposed to the imagery laden ending that was eventually published. In the original there is no â€Å"casting off of the wretched years† that Pip achieves in the published ending. This choice leads to a similar perspective to the one placed upon Roy's use of ending in choice- although Dickens' ending was a publisher's decision, why he chose to write the ending as he did is still questionable. The original ending is more in line with the tone of disappointment that pervades the novel's â€Å"universal struggle†, but the language of the published ending, the glorified â€Å"broad expanse of tranquil light† that can be seen to both illuminate Estella but also to shroud true realisation from Pip can also be seen to be appropriate, as it reflects the aforementioned ideas of consistent naivety, and also runs in line with the idea of all other redemption being latent and inherently unfulfilled- Miss Havisham and Magwitch as examples. Therefore, Dickens also uses ending to exemplify character, and tone individual to certain aspects of the narrative, in both a consistent and opposing manner. In conclusion, the three writers use endings in multi-faceted ways, across individual and contexts. Hardy uses ending as not just a method of defining validity of feeling and exclusivity of emotional experience, but also to discuss the concept of â€Å"the end†, and how a change of tone or style in his literary endings can reflect heavily on these wider interpretations. Roy also achieves this, but alongside Dickens also uses ending to both consolidate and challenge thematic and tonal issues, allowing them to both utilise ending to embellish their narratives further than would normally be possible, provoking intrigue over not just their own texts, but as with all three of the writers, intrigue over what the concept of the ending is really about.

The Appearance and Development of Haitian Creole

The Appearance and Development of Haitian Creole As written in Jacques Arends’ â€Å"Pidgin and Creole: An Introduction,† Haitian Creole first originated from a pidgin. With time, this pidgin gradually developed into a creole, later on becoming the co-official language of Haiti. Haitian Creole may be recognized as one of the official languages, along with French, however there are negative associations linked with this creole. For instance, the stereotypical view of a speaker of Haitian Creole still remains as one who is black, poor, and uneducated.Slowly however, things are changing; Haitian Creole is becoming more accepted and the knowledge of its existence is growing as its speakers spread across the world. What made this creole grow and thrive out of its own country, transported to other nations all across the world? This paper will study the unfolding of this creole as well as focus on the way it is spoken in the northeastern United States, since studies show that is where most speakers emigrate to, as stated by Zephir in her works.What will also be discussed is the changes the creole underwent, hand in hand with the various perspectives associated with the creole and the factors that lead to its successful spread. Before even beginning the topic of Haitian Creole’s migration into the United States, it is important to learn more about the language itself. First a brief history on this creole is necessary- to know the origins of this language and the different social and economic factors surrounding it as time passed. As stated before by Arends, Haitian Creole first started from a pidgin between Haitian slaves in the 16th century.As the years progressed, the pidgin was modified, changed, and soon developed into the creole used today. It was spread across Haiti by various media such as television and newspapers until finally in 1987 its official status became verified in the Haitian constitution (St. Fort). One would think that Haitian C reole and French would have equal standing as both co-official languages, but studies have shown that only a small minority speak French while the majorities all know Haitian Creole.This fact has also been confirmed when it’s brought up while interviewing my Haitian friend, Stephanie. She is currently a college student in another CUNY school who agreed to sit down with me for a while to talk about Haitian Creole and her thoughts about her culture in relations to her life in New York now. Stephanie exclaims that although she knows both French and Haitian Creole since she learned them in school, most of her community back home spoke in the creole. Hardly ever was French used, except in formal circumstances.Nevertheless, French is the preferred language when it comes to formal occasions, leaving Haitian Creole behind, being considered the â€Å"second language. † As Joseph had stated in his work, â€Å"The connection between French and Haitian Creole may seem like an exa mple of diglossia, but that is not the case. Only 10% of Haitians know and understand French, while all Haitians are fluent in Haitian Creole. † While Haitian Creole may not be used in formalities, the fact that it is so well-known and used more often than French in Haiti sheds some light into how Haitian Creole has spread out of Haiti.From the percentages Joseph gives, and from what Stephanie had said earlier, one can see that if Haitians migrate elsewhere, they are more likely to bring the Haitian Creole with them instead of French. In doing so, this creole ends up expanding in the area in which it is used. St. Fort states, â€Å"In the Diaspora, Haitian Creole is a living language spoken by more than a million living in North and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and even in Africa. † For many years now, Haitian immigrants have been pouring into the United States, mainly the northeastern states.The author Zephir describes this Haitian movement towards the north s aying, â€Å"Haitian immigration to the United States was initially slow in the first half of the 20th century. While the United States occupied Haiti from 1915-1934, a group of Haitian immigrants came to the United States to flee the occupation of their homeland. There were hundreds of immigrants, mostly from rural Haitian areas. Then in 1951-1960, thousands more Haitians followed. After the 1965 Immigration Act, Haitian immigration shot up. From 1932 until 2000, a total of 414,401 Haitians came legally to the United States. So we can see the reason why Haitian immigrants move to the northeastern states is again revealed by Zephir. She writes, â€Å"The two top cities where Haitians migrate to New York and Boston, followed by Philadelphia, Florida, and other places in the Midwest. New York is especially known for having the largest concentration of Haitians as well as some of the oldest and most established Haitian communities. An estimate of the Haitians living in New York and t he surrounding areas is anywhere from 200,000- 500,000.In Florida, the number is around 270,000, followed by 75,000 Haitians in Massachusetts. † Once these immigrants have settled and communities have sprung up, there is a slow increase in aid and support, helping to link the Haitian community together. The most evident form would be through the media. Now that technology is so developed and everything is more convenient, there is television, radio, and newspapers all using Haitian Creole, catering specifically to the Haitian immigrants.Note that although this media may help unify the community and keep the native language intact, a Haitian immigrant who knows only Haitian Creole will be unable to get out of his social circle and really prosper since he does not know English, which is the more international language. Again, in my talk with Stephanie, she mentioned being surrounded by Haitian Creole upon her first month moving to New York. She spoke the creole with her relative s, could find some Haitian Creole or French channels on the television and even some newspapers.However, upon enrolling into the university, she felt completely lost surrounded by English speaking students. She had to learn English on her own in order to be able to move comfortably and advance in the American community. Such is the case with Haitian children who go to American schools; they must learn to separate their home life, where they may speak Haitian Creole, with their school life, where everything is taught in English and the culture is different. Since Haitian Creole is not an international language such as English, Haitian children may become frustrated since they must quickly adapt to the new school environment.Sometimes they lose interest in the school material and give up effort. Zephir writes that in order to prevent this, â€Å"teachers should understand the unique character of the Haitian community and view Haitian Creole as a language just as important as Spanish or French. Additionally, home language instruction is just as valuable as that in school. † By helping Haitian children to overcome these language differences as well as cultural differences, the teacher can also help the child see his own unique identity- not only as a Haitian but a Haitian-American.Not only Haitian children experience hardships upon migrating to the United States but older speakers who have never had a chance to go to school or learn English have an even bigger barrier separating them from the new country they have come to. Again, as with Haitian children, without being fluent in English these adults are not likely to proceed very far out of their own Haitian communities, much less find good paying jobs to support themselves as well as their children's’ education.Buxton even states in his article, â€Å"while the low-educated parents all work at low-income jobs, even the more educated parents have not yet obtained jobs on the level they had back in H aiti. † When I asked Stephanie about her Haitian relatives here, she stated they are not completely comfortable with speaking English and have a slight accent. She noted also that because of this, they tended to stay more within the Haitian Creole-speaking circle and communicated mostly with other Haitians. Thus, with just Haitian Creole it is very unlikely any Haitian immigrants can successfully break into the American culture and mainstream life.It is inevitable that with these two languages- French and Haitian Creole, Haitians must face a sort of identity dilemma. Haitians might be bilingual in both languages but the connotations and instances where the two languages are used are very different from one another. French is used in formal settings- therefore the speaker is considered to be more high-class and educated, having an all-around good quality. On the other hand, Haitians are much more comfortable speaking their creole, but being viewed as a â€Å"language for the m asses† it is given more negative connotations than French.Haitian immigrants in the United States tend to use Haitian Creole more than French, but even so since they do not know English they are unable to get very far. Only upon mastering English will these Haitians be able to progress out into the American culture. First generation Haitians who have just migrated tend to experience this difficulty of learning another language and trying to get used to life in a different country, but second generation Haitians do not have as much trouble.Even though there are no Haitian immersion programs which help a child learn its â€Å"mother language† and culture, the second generation Haitian children quickly pick up Haitian Creole in the home environment and then just as easily learn English at school. Compared with their parents who are not compelled to use English in a social setting like school, second generation Haitian children quickly catch on to the American culture in sc hool and stick to it, since that is the way of their peers and others their age.In effect, the children sometimes become bilingual in both English and their Creole, or if they are extremely attached to their new-found American culture in school, speak mostly English without practicing their creole. When I asked Stephanie about how she felt if her child later on in the future became more American rather than Haitian, Stephanie thought for a long time. Then she responded that whatever the outcome, she will be happy because she realizes that just knowing Haitian Creole is not enough to get by in this country.If learning English leads the child to becoming more Americanized then she is fine with that, since the child would be proficient in English and have no hindrances in his life. In conclusion we can see that Haitian Creole has an extensive history, from its origins as a pidgin to becoming a co-official language in Haiti to being carried over to the northeastern States via Haitian im migrants. The creole is widely spoken all across the world and is still alive and thriving in each of its speakers. However, the fact that this creole is not an international spoken language such as English poses problems in the way it survives.True it is being spoken by people all around the world but by knowing that one creole alone, a person could not get far in the world. So, usually a person who knows Haitian Creole also speaks another international language- be it English or French. In the United States, Haitian Creole may continue to thrive and grow however not in settings such as schools and offices. Perhaps in more casual settings like homes and neighborhood communities this creole is used, but it probably will never rise to the level of an international language.Many Haitians are trying to enlighten others about Haitian Creole- such as Zephir and St. Fort- and offer the language in universities. Code-switching is also popular with Haitians, as Stephanie tells me more and m ore she uses both Haitian Creole and English when speaking with her friends at the university. Perhaps with time, Haitian Creole will die out as the generations pass and the children choose to learn more international languages. Or there might be Haitian parents that insist on teaching their child the creole, along with another language, to remember their culture and history.Either way, Haitian Creole is unlikely to reach international status. References †¢ Arends, J. Pidgins and creoles, an introduction. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 1995. Print. †¢ Buxton, C. A. , et al. â€Å"The Role of Language in Academic and Social Transition of Haitian Children and Their Parents to Urban U. S. Schools. † Bilingual Research Journal. 2007-8. Print. †¢ Joseph, C. M. B†¦ â€Å"Haitian Creole in NY. † The Multilingual Apple: Languages in New York City. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002. Print. †¢ Muhlhausler, Peter.Pidgin and creole linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, 1 986. Print. †¢ Stephanie. Personal Interview. July 2012. †¢ Fort, H†¦ â€Å"What is Haitian Creole? †AHAD. AHAD, 2004. December 2, 2011. Web. †¢ Zephir, F.. â€Å"Juggling with Two Cultures: Transnationalism and Hybridity as Cultural Outcomes of Immigration for Haitians in the United States. † Bicultural, Self Identity and Societal Transformation. UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2008. Print. †¢ The New Americans: The Haitian Americans. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2004. Print.

Five forces for Zappos

Five forces for Zappos PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2[Type the document title]Zappos AnalysisFive ForcesNew EntrantsJP, Amazon, JBThe threat of new entrants into the online shoe/apparel market is relatively small due to the fact that Zappos is such an established brand and has specialized their business model. It would be far too expensive for a new company to copy the characteristics of Zappos including their next day delivery and large overhead. The fact that Zappos was losing money initially illustrates this difficulty. Another issue that would create a high barrier to entry is Zappos commitment to the consumer through overnight shipping. Zappos stated that the overnight shipping caused them to leave their warehouses open for the entire day. Any other company would be at a competitive disadvantage if they didn't match this business practice. In all the way Zappos does business creates too high a barrier to entry for threats of new entry to be high; for that reason we would rate it 2 of 5.SubstitutesWe would rat e substitutes at 3 of 5, being that the threat is somewhat average. With the uniqueness of Zappos, not many stores can match such a shopping experience service as Zappos. The reason we ranked the threat of substitutes at 3 of 5 is because there are Brick and Mortar Stores that may be used as substitutes of Zappos. These specialty stores are not up to Zappos standards, but at the same time their specialization with certain products make them a threat to Zappos. The whole person-to-person contact can have a big advantage in terms of customer service. Zappos answers by extraordinary customer service, which really makes the average consumer feel as if they are special and are in contact with a real person.RivalryThe rivalry with existing firms for Zappos is fair,

10 methods to prevent webserver overload

10 methods to prevent webserver overload Causes of overload are various. At any time, web servers can be overloaded due to reasons like: Web servers incomplete availability- This can happen because of expected or necessary support or update, hardware or software crashes, back-end malfunctions, etc. In these circumstances, the rest of the web servers get too much traffic and grow overloaded. Surplus logical web traffic numerous clients which are connecting to the website within a brief interval may cause an overload in the web server. Computer worms and XSS viruses that will cause irregular traffic due to millions of infected computers, browsers or web servers. Distributed Denial of Service attacks (DoS attack, DDoS attack). A denial-of-service attack or distributed denial-of-service attack is an effort to make a computer or network device unavailable to its proposed users. Network slowdowns so that client requests are completed more slowly and the number of connections increases so much that server limits are approached. The implications of an overloaded web server are: Overload results in a delayed serving of requests from 1 second to a few hundred seconds. All are familiar with the 404-error code just like that the web server returns an HTTP error code, such as 500, 502, 503, 504, 408, etc which are inappropriate overload condition. The web server denies or resets TCP connections before it returns any content. Sometimes the web server delivers only a part of the requested content. This can be studied as a bug, even if it normally occurs as a symptom of overload. How to prevent overload of web servers To partly master above average load limits and to prevent overload, several big websites practice standard techniques like for instance: Controlling network traffic, by using Firewalls to block undesired traffic coming from poor IP sources or having inadequate patterns. HTTP traffic managers can be placed to drop, redirect or rewrite requests which have poor HTTP patterns. To smooth the peaks in the network usage bandwidth management and traffic shaping can be done Expanding web cache methods Implementing different domain names to subserve different content by separate web servers. Employing different domain names or computers to separate big files from small and medium-sized files. The idea is to be able to fully cache small and medium-sized files and sufficiently serve big or huge files by using different settings Using many internet servers or programs per computer, each one connected to its own network card and IP address Using many computers that are arranged together behind a load balancer so that they perform or seen as one large web server Combining more hardware devices to each computer. Tuning OS parameters for hardware capacities and usage Adopting more efficient computer programs for web servers, etc. Practicing other workarounds, particularly if dynamic content is included.

Personal Profile Analysis with ESTJ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Profile Analysis with ESTJ - Essay Example The study and tests conducted show that the candidate has an eye for logic, truth and facts that help him to shape the ‘real’ world around him. As a person of principles, and their respect for rules, power and prestige; the ESTJs are great for the positions of coaching and instructors. They are also able to seek out like-minded people in groups and organizations which turn into their trait of supervision. They are able to focus and follow guidelines handed down by authority figures and this links to their connection with tradition and family. Traditions that come down through heritage and ancestors (authority figures) are perceived willingly. From the Custom Keirsey Temperament, Mohamed Hashemi’s personality falls under that of the Artisan Promoter (ESTP). The personality types involve skills of excelling in the fields of fine arts, sports, politics, even mechanical and industrial arts. They feel most comfortable with tools and instruments that they can manipulate and alter. The most influential of artisans are those that are Promoters. They are able to put forward any venture, proposal or scheme to perfect strangers. Combined with their charming personality, the person thus has a lasting influence on family and friend around them. The person can be summarized as outgoing, lively and adventurous. The personality that is not only vibrant and skilled but a person who has an eye for facts, logic, detail and also seeks out daring, not so easy tasks that intimidate others. The person has an ongoing search and hunger for challenges, satisfaction, pleasure and stimulation. As opposed to the ESTJs who are governed by a set of principles and rules, the Artisans prefer to be free and unbound by any ties. They are also impatient and live today, for tomorrow may not come. This also tells how they live on the spur of the moment, living, enjoying and feeling life to the fullest. On the whole, the personality is charismatic, social and open-minded. Their outlook on others in life and that of the world around them shows the fun, observant, giving and a sophisticated streak of life in them.

Signature assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Signature - Assignment Example Additionally, I have gained the ability to identify, which articles and case studies are appropriate to analyze in relation to the questions asked in the course. By so doing, I have acquired verse knowledge and skills to help me in the future when am entered with a situation, which requires me to carry out research. The work that I did in class was in relation to identifying different research methods and analyzing results. However, in the work that I did, it is clear that it was more of the analysis of what the authors had done in the research rather than the indicating further explanation of the understanding of the topic or the research method itself. Therefore, in order to improve the work I did in class I would critically evaluate the research method itself and identify the areas that the method is used. Secondly, I would give different opinions on the method indicating how different authors have understood each research method. Thirdly, by using the case studies given I would include the discussion part in the essay to indicate how the research was conducted. By so doing, it will give me a better understanding of the concepts that have been provided in the articles. This will further increase the understanding of the relevant issues involved in the research including good ethical consider ations that are required for every research that is conducted. The topic on Meta-analysis as a research method was a challenge to me, as I did not quite understand how two different aspects were combined to produce results of an issue. This aspect of meta-analysis was confusing because in the study, that I researched on the case study was recent and the one that was combined with the first study was done a long time ago. Seeing that there have been changes not only in technology, but also in other sectors, it is may be correct to say that the data would be compromised. Additionally the meta-analysis research method requires a person who understands the complexity

Doing Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Doing Gender - Essay Example In most cases, it involves socially conducted perceptual, relational, and micro political practices that show certain pursuits as showings of masculine and feminine nature of human in the society. It defines the activities that are done by men and women in the society. It therefore involves individuals who per take gender as it concentrate on interactions. (Zimmrman, 1987. pg126). The act of per taking gender explains that some roles in the society are done by men while others by women. It is explained that interactions in the society defines the activities to be done either by men or women. In addition, doing gender emphasizes on gender roles as well as sex roles. It gives the division of labor in the society as either men’s or women’s. This involves doing things that are perceived to be men’s or women’s by nature and based on their masculine or feminine capabilities. Sex is a biological feature used to view if an individual is a masculine or feminine. Thus, it entails social doings which are constituted through interactions. â€Å"The recognition of the analytical independence of sex, sex category, and gender is essential for understanding the relationships among these elements and the interactional work involved in being a gendered person in society† (Zimmerman & West, 1987, pg127). Gender involves expressive behaviors that can be termed as essential in nature. In this case, interactions determine how individuals express themselves as being gender. Human beings interact with others in different aspects in the environment and assume that each has an important role in nature that can be distinguished through the natural signs portrayed and expressed by human beings. Hence, gender is more than the actions or activities that are assumed to be done by either male or female in the society. That is why being gender is defined as displaying sexu al characteristics in an individual according to

Effect of Water Velocity on Erosion Corrosion Behavior

Effect of Water Velocity on Erosion Corrosion Behavior Effect of water velocity on erosion  corrosion behavior of materials used  in marine conditions Corrosion, among others, is one of the main and considerable causes which is liable for the failure of the equipment and the material used in marine applications. Up to now, the majority of the materials that have been developed for marine applications are carbon steel, copper-base alloys, nickel-base alloys, titanium and apparently stainless steel and its variations such as super austenitic, duplex and super duplex stainless steel. (Meng, 2009) Last decade, the use of composites in maritime industry has also increased. (Jones Summerscales, 2016) One parameter, which influences the extent of corrosion on these materials is the water flow velocity, as a result of mass transfer and other incidents, such as erosion corrosion. (Scheers, 1992) For that reason, they are required to withstand to a wide range of velocities. Water can be either static during shutdown periods or have movement. At low movement speed, the cathode reactants affect the rate of the erosion corrosion process. This most usually brings about higher rates of deterioration, but there are some cases in the case of passive alloys, that this results in decreased rates. Furthermore, the provision of oxygen on the external surface of the corroding metal is extremely dependent on the water velocity. (Chandler, 1985) Oxygen can fuel the cathodic reaction in seawater which can also lead to higher corrosion rates. In conditions where the water velocity is increased, apart from the corrosion arising from the electrochemical process of corrosion, there is also mechanical action with much worse consequences. In other words, high velocity results in enhanced erosion corrosion of the components and the installation parts. The concentration gradients in the bulk of the fluid are destroyed by the turbulent conditions. The action which affects neg atively the phenomenon of erosion corrosion appears in a very thin layer of the fluid which is bordering to the pipe wall. (Scheers, 1992) In addition to, there is also the impingement attack and cavitation corrosion which are more extreme forms of erosion corrosion. Conditions offering high water velocity can be found in tubes, pipes and rotating machinery. Figure 1:Schematic of turbulent eddy mechanism for downstream undercutting of erosion-corrosion pits On this dissertation, the effects of water velocity on erosion corrosion behavior of the materials that are used in marine conditions will be examined. Furthermore, the second part of this project will include the impingement of the water from different angles while the amount of the material loss during the impingement and electrochemical corrosion varies between different angles. Cathodic can be also applied, in order to investigate the effects on the erosion corrosion during the changes in flow velocity. It is very important and crucial to know exactly the effects of velocity because the combination of the electrochemical reactions with the synergy of the mechanical reactions due to the impingement in aqueous environments can cause horrible failures of the metallic components used in industry (Meng, 2009) . In addition there is also great need to know the difference in the number and in the size of the pits while velocity is increased (Wing, et al., 2016), as long as materials have suffered and caused serious accidents before in the marine environment and in the hole marine society. Moreover, pipes are used everywhere in ships and offshore structures, so after the study engineers will construct them with bigger safety and reliability (Jin, et al., 2016). The dissertation I about the experimental investigation of the consequences on erosion corrosion behavior in materials, as long as the impact of the impingement from different angles. Afterwards, an anode will be placed on the specimen to investigate with accuracy the changes on erosion corrosion. The major aim of this project is the accurate plot of the corrosion rates, in comparison with the different flow velocities. What is more, one of the aims of this research is the determination of the difference on corrosion behavior between materials and compare the deterioration process and extent of erosion to them. In other words, erosion corrosion, might not be the same in all marine materials, therefore engineers will have a better indication of the effect on each on of them, because in conditions where high velocity occurs, as the dissolved oxygen controls the rate of corrosion in sea water (Larson King, 1954) . It is still very difficult to choose the most optimum material for a specific job in the current working environment, selecting a more erosion corrosion resistant material. (Meng, 2009) The ongoing protocols for design and selection are extremely basic and are based on empirical service data (Neville Hu, 2001). Moreover, another aim is to compare the degree of electrochemical and mechanical reactions in changing angles. The durability of steels and cast iron and other materials will be further interpreted. Lastly, the removal of the protective oxide film in stainless steels might accelerate corrosion (Bonner, 2016) Many water characteristics influence the rate of corrosion process, like Ph, dissolved gases, temperature, dissolved salts, but the one under consideration is the flow velocity. The effect of velocity on corrosion is also Ph dependent. Seawater is alkaline and it is more at the base side 7.9-9.0 and carbonate ion concentrations increase as ph increases (Sabrowski Silva, 2010). Therefore, in basic or alkaline water, the higher velocities have as a consequence enhanced supply of the cathodic reactant, oxygen. For that reason, the cathodic reaction is stimulated and higher corrosion rates take place, causing erosive damage to the metal surface (Hodgkiess, 2013). According to (Meng, 2009), an increase on velocity has as a result the acceleration of corrosion on behalf of the motion of the fluid, as well as (Neville, et al., 1995) state that the reason of the increased rate of corrosion is the enhanced turbulence and the mixing of water on account of the supply of oxygen. Furthermore, as Giourntas stats in his study (Giourntas, et al., 2015), stainless steels have the ability to abide high flow rates. However, in the presence of solids I seawater the persistence is decreased. It also states the application of cathodic protection as a very important feature. As reported by (Neville, et al., 1999), with or without the absence of solids, the E corr drifts to more positive values, during the impingement. As stated by (Neville Hu, 2001), in places with high velocity and sudden changes in direction because of pimps, elbows in pipeworks etc. higher rates occur. Moreover, as Weber reports in (Webber, 1992) the effects are divided in three categories at low flow velocity, medium and high velocity. In the first category, natural convention is responsible, while at the second corrosion increases but without any significant mechanical effect of flow. During high velocities, the damage mechanisms becomes very complex. In keeping with (Li, et al., 1994), erosion corrosion problems enlarge catastrophically but the outflow of water. In agreement with Lin and Shao, with increasing impingement angles and velocities, the erosion is developing also. The rate of 1020 steel is lower than pure aluminums. During erosion conditions, many mechanisms act but only one or two of them is the principal mechanism. (Lin Shao, 1990) Concerning (Scheers, 1992), the simultaneous effects of velocity and ph have been investigated and turn out that in mild steel, there is an increase in corrosion rate with the velocity of flow, according to the ph value. Not to mention that, L. Wang notices that erosion corrosion increases rapidly with the development of the flow velocity at 14 m/s at 80% HR (Wang, et al., 2016). The dissertation of the effects of water velocity on erosion corrosion behavior of materials is mostly experimental. First of all, all available sources, papers and books will be investigated concerning erosion corrosion on materials that are used in marine condition. Furthermore, the effects of velocity and impingement angle will be searched. Relating the experiment, specimens have to be chosen. Possibly, only the major materials of maritime industry will be selected. These will have a cylindrical shape. Furthermore, those specimens will be placed in a recirculating rig as shown in the figure below. Afterwards, saline water will pass through a pump and therefore accelerate. Water will flow through pipes, where at the end of the piping system, a nozzle is installed, in order for the flow to take the exact preferable velocity. Nozzles will be changed. Directly vertical from the direction of the flow is the stagnation point. In the figure besides is a representation of the region where the liquid jet impinges to the solid material (Neville, 1995). The velocity depends on the diameter of the nozzle. Thence, water will impinge to the specimen causing erosive and corrosive damage. With the use of an equipment, the vertical impingement will change and erosive damage from different angles will be investigated. 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